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Asked: 2024-08-01T16:58:07+05:30 In:

Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks. ( 150 words ) [UPSC 2022]

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Describe the types and properties of basic rocks. (Letters, 150) [UPSC 2022]

upsc: geomorphology

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4 Answers

  1. jj kk
    Begginer

    Primary rocks are also known as igneous rocks. They are called primary because igneous rocks originated first from all the rocks. They were formed during formation of upper crust of earth on cooling, solidification and crystallization of hot magma and lava.

    The characteristics of primary rocks are:

    • These rocks are hard rock and water percolates with great difficulty. The rocks become soft sometimes due to exposure to environmental conditions for long duration. Example: Basalt.
    • These rocks are  granular or crystalline rocks but varies in size, form and texture of grains as these properties depend upon cooling, solidification of magma.
    • Primary rocks or igneous rocks do not have strata like sedimentary rocks rather it has layers of lavas. Example: Valleys of Krishna river, Saraswati river etc.
    • These rocks do not contain fossils as primary rocks were formed during origin of earth, there was no life on newly born earth.
    • These rocks are associated with volcanic activities and are also known as volcanic rocks.

    Types of primary rocks on basis of mode of occurrence:

    • Intrusive igneous rocks:
      • Putonic igneous rocks- Granite
      •  Hypabyssal igneous rocks- Batholith, Laccolith etc.
    • Extrusive igneous rocks: explosive type, quiet type.

     

     

  2. Krishna Rao
    Begginer

    Primary rocks, also known as igneous rocks, are formed from the solidification of molten magma or lava. Their characteristics and types are:

    1. Characteristics:
      • Formation: Primary rocks form through the cooling and solidification of magma (inside Earth) or lava (on the surface).
      • Texture: They exhibit various textures based on cooling rates, including coarse-grained (slow cooling) or fine-grained (rapid cooling).
      • Mineral Composition: They are composed of minerals like quartz, feldspar, mica, and various iron and magnesium minerals.
    2. Types:
      • Intrusive (Plutonic) Rocks: Formed from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth’s surface. Examples include granite (coarse-grained) and diorite.
      • Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks: Formed from lava that cools quickly on the Earth’s surface. Examples include basalt (fine-grained) and pumice.

    These rocks are foundational to the Earth’s crust and vary widely in texture and composition.

  3. Tauqeer Ahmad
    Begginer

    Liquid lava or magma cools and solidifies to create primary rocks, commonly referred to as igneous rocks. Based on their mineral makeup and formation environment, intrusive (plutonic) and extrusive (volcanic) rocks are the two basic categories into which they are divided.

    Large crystals can form in intrusive igneous rocks, which are formed when slowly cooling magma solidifies beneath the Earth’s surface. Typical kinds include of:

    Granite: A light-colored stone with a high silica concentration that also includes feldspar and quartz.
    Diorite: A mixture of light and dark minerals having an intermediate hue and composition.
    Gabbro: Dark-colored, high in iron and magnesium, and frequently including pyroxene and plagioclase.

    Smaller crystals are produced as lava cools rapidly on the Earth’s surface, giving rise to extrusive igneous rocks. Typical kinds include of:

    Basalt: Usually formed from quickly cooling lava, basalt is dark, finely grained, and rich in iron and magnesium.
    Rhyolite: Fine-grained granite with a high silica concentration and a light hue.
    Andesite: Usually found in volcanic arcs, andesite has an intermediate hue and composition.

    Both kinds add to the diversity of Earth’s geology and are essential to the rock cycle.

  4. shatakshi mukherjee
    Begginer

    The primary rock, or igneous rock, is the oldest type of rock, formed when molten lava or magma solidifies. They are dense, hard, and resistant to erosion and weathering and are of two types: volcanic and plutonic.

    Types and Formation:

    • The rapid process of solidification and crystallization on Earth’s surface with rapid cooling gives glass-like shape to the rocks, like the obsidian form.
    • Plutonic rocks are formed when the magma cools down deceleratingly at great depths of the surface, like in granite and gabbro.
    • If magma cools down at the surface level, it has a fine-grained composition and is called volcanic rocks like basalt and pumice.
    • Metamorphic rocks are the preexisting rocks on the surface of the earth that go through climate change in terms of extreme heat and pressure that eventually differ the composition and structure of the rock.
    • Accumulated sediments in the form of rocks, minerals, and organic matter form sedimentary rocks.

    Conclusion:

    The three types of primary rocks, igneous metamorphic and sedimentary, have different components and unique characteristics in them that are vital for the earth’s crust. If we study primary rocks, we will be able to get an insight into the geological history of our planet.

     

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