Thus, modern structure of Indian education struggled to transform education process from earlier time periods up to present and education environment evolved through the development of old centres of education.
Early History

-Ancient Period: At the Vedic period, India has always had education in its society. The Gurukul system, where students used to stay with their Gurus, promoted learning in all its aspects: it is the spiritual, the intellectual as well as the practical. Till date there are historical evidence that Universities like Nalanda and Takshashila were famous as universities all over Asian continents.

-Traditional Era: As influenced by Muslims, it developed mainly religious school or its extension known as Madrasas and Maktabs and they are mostly centres of religious and Islamic studies.

Colonial Influence:
-British Period
It was the British who provided modern facility for the education. Which stressed Western education and English courses. Which disclosed some access of fresh information. It lost traditional Indian system of knowledge.

:::::::Post-Colonialism::::::

-Focus on National Development: After gaining independence the country has especially emphasized on Education as one of the sectors in the development of the Nation. A lot of universities and institutions were also founded, including the IITs, IIMs, and AIIMS, to emphasize the scientific and technological progress.

Challenges and Reforms: Still, there are issues such as quality education to village students in India and skill based education in schools. Recent reforms also include the National Education Policy 2020 that aims to promote the following: for example, vocational training for more, youth, multilingualism for institutions and greater independence of institutions.

–Indian universities and researchers have developed and contributed significantly to most of the fields:

-Mathematics: Gradually, algebra, trigonometry, arithmetic was highly developed by various mathematicians of India like Aryabhata and Brahmagupta.

-Science: Present day scientists in India like C. V. Raman has won Nobel Prize in physics and Homi J. Bhabha has done a lot in the Indian nuclear programme in his respective fields.

CONTINUE IN NEXT ANSWER—-

-Medicine: India’s long tradition in Ayurveda and traditional medicine has also contributed to modern Indian medical research, part of which has entered the world’s global health profile.

-Technology: Increasingly, Indian institutions and researchers are involved in such modern arenas as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and space exploration.

Challenges and Future Directions:

-Quality and Equity: One of the major benchmarks is the accessibility of quality education to all, moreso in rural and disadvantaged areas.

-Research and Innovation: Research culture and innovation should be well developed in higher education to prepare them for India’s future development.

Global Collaboration: Stifling collaborations through the globe can be further improved with bringing foreign talent into Indian institutions for education and research.