Important Topics in Indian Defence and Security for UPSC

Indian defence and security is a dynamic and crucial component of the UPSC Mains General Studies Paper III. To excel in this section, focus on the following key areas:

India’s Strategic Environment

• Geopolitical challenges: India’s relations with neighbouring countries, major powers, and regional blocs.
• Internal security threats: Naxalism, insurgency, terrorism, and separatism.
• Border management: Challenges and strategies for securing India’s land and maritime borders.

Defence Reforms and Modernization

• Defence procurement: Issues, challenges, and government initiatives (Make in India, indigenization).
• Military modernisation: Focus on technological advancements and equipment upgrades.
• Defence public sector undertakings (DPSUs): Role and challenges.
• Tri-services integration: The concept of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) and its implications.

Nuclear Doctrine and Security

• India’s nuclear policy: No First Use, credible minimum deterrence.
• Nuclear proliferation: Global efforts and India’s role.
• Cybersecurity: Emerging threats and India’s preparedness.

Internal Security

• Left-wing extremism: Naxalism, its causes, and counter-insurgency strategies.
• Terrorism: Different forms of terrorism, counter-terrorism measures, and intelligence gathering.
• Border management: Challenges and strategies for effective border management.
• Internal security forces: Role of paramilitary forces and their coordination with state police.

Recent Issues and Challenges

• Border disputes: India’s standoffs with neighbouring countries.
• Defence exports: Government initiatives to promote defence exports.
• Counter-drone technology: India’s efforts to counter drone threats.
• Military reforms: Ongoing reforms to enhance the efficiency of the armed forces.

Tips for Preparation

• Newspapers and magazines: Stay updated on defence and security-related news.
• Government reports: Study reports of think tanks and government agencies.
• Maps: Develop a strong geographical understanding of India’s borders and neighbouring countries.
• Answer writing practice: Focus on structure, clarity, and examples to enhance your answers.

By focusing on these areas and staying updated on current affairs, you can develop a strong foundation in Indian defence and security for the UPSC Mains examination.