Important Topics in Indian Defence and Security for UPSC

Indian defence and security is a dynamic and crucial area for UPSC aspirants. It requires a comprehensive understanding of both theoretical concepts and contemporary issues. Here are the key topics:

Traditional Security Challenges

• India’s strategic location: Geopolitical significance, challenges and opportunities.
• Border disputes: Issues with China, Pakistan, and other neighbors.
• Nuclear doctrine: India’s nuclear policy and its implications.
• Counter-terrorism: Internal security challenges and counter-terrorism strategies.

Non-Traditional Security Challenges

• Cybersecurity: Threats, vulnerabilities, and India’s response.
• Economic security: Challenges like energy security, food security, and resource management.
• Environmental security: Climate change, natural disasters, and their impact on national security.

Defence Reforms and Modernization

• Indigenization: Make in India initiative, defence corridors, and public-private partnerships.
• Technology integration: Artificial intelligence, drones, and other emerging technologies in defence.
• Defence procurement: Issues, challenges, and reforms.
• Tri-services integration: The role of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS).

International Relations and Diplomacy

• India’s foreign policy: Balancing relations with major powers.
• Regional cooperation: SAARC, BIMSTEC, and India’s role.
• Global alliances: India’s participation in multilateral forums.

Internal Security

• Left-wing extremism: Challenges and counter-insurgency operations.
• Border management: Issues along various borders and effective management strategies.
• Internal conflicts: Ethnic and religious tensions.

Recent Developments

• India-China border standoff: Implications for bilateral relations and regional security.
• Defence exports: Government initiatives and potential benefits.
• Space-based assets: India’s space program and its military applications.
• Cyber warfare: Recent cyberattacks and India’s preparedness.