A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that defines the network portion and host portion of an IP address. It helps in dividing a large network into smaller subnetworks. How does it work, and what are the different classes of subnet masks?
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A subnet mask is a number used in computer networking to divide an IP address into two parts: the network portion and the host portion. It helps devices determine which part of the IP address identifies the network and which part identifies a specific device (or host) on that network.
An IP address consists of four numbers separated by dots (like 192.168.1.1), and each number can range from 0 to 255. The subnet mask is also written in the same format (like 255.255.255.0) and works alongside the IP address to define the network.
For example, if an IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, the first three numbers (192.168.1) represent the network, while the last number (10) identifies the specific device within that network.
Subnet masks help improve network performance and security by allowing the division of larger networks into smaller, manageable ones. This way, network traffic can be efficiently routed, and it’s easier to manage different groups of devices. Understanding subnet masks is essential for anyone working with networks, as they play a crucial role in organizing and managing IP addresses.