Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party played a crucial role in the overthrow of the Provisional Government in October 1917. Here’s a detailed discussion of their role:

Bolshevik Party’s Pre-Revolutionary Position:

Before the revolution, the Bolshevik Party was a small but growing force within the Russian Revolution. They had a significant following among the working class, particularly in Petrograd, where Lenin was based. The Bolsheviks were opposed to the Provisional Government, which they saw as a continuation of the Tsarist regime and a defender of the interests of the bourgeoisie.

Lenin’s Return to Russia:

In April 1917, Lenin returned to Russia from exile in Switzerland, where he had been living since his expulsion from Russia in 1906. His return marked a significant turning point in the Bolshevik Party’s fortunes, as he brought with him fresh ideas and a new level of enthusiasm and energy.

Bolshevik Agitation:

Lenin and the Bolsheviks launched a campaign of agitation and propaganda against the Provisional Government. They argued that the government was powerless to solve Russia’s economic and social problems and that only a socialist revolution could bring about meaningful change. They also emphasized the need for workers to take control of their own destiny and seize power from the bourgeoisie.

July Days:

In July 1917, the Bolsheviks launched a failed uprising known as the July Days, which was sparked by rumors of a German attack on Petrograd. The uprising was quickly crushed by government forces, but it marked an important turning point in the Bolsheviks’ strategy. Lenin realized that a more careful and deliberate approach was needed to build support for the revolution.

October Uprising:

In September 1917, Lenin returned to Petrograd, where he began to build support for a new uprising. He worked tirelessly to persuade his comrades and other left-wing groups to join forces with the Bolsheviks. On October 25, 1917 (November 7, according to the Gregorian calendar), the Bolsheviks launched their uprising, seizing key buildings and institutions in Petrograd.

Key Factors in Bolshevik Success:

Several factors contributed to the Bolsheviks’ success:

1. Divided Opposition: The Provisional Government was weak and divided, with rival factions vying for power. This made it difficult for them to respond effectively to the Bolshevik uprising.
2. Bolshevik Organization: The Bolshevik Party had a strong organizational structure, which allowed them to mobilize their supporters quickly and effectively.
3. Lenin’s Leadership: Lenin’s leadership and charisma were crucial in inspiring and motivating his comrades and other left-wing groups.
4. Popular Support: The Bolsheviks had built significant support among the working class and peasants, who were disillusioned with the Provisional Government and eager for change.