The resistance and responses of colonized peoples to the economic and political impacts of industrialization and imperialism were diverse and multifaceted. Here are some examples:

Resistance:

1. Indigenous rebellions: Many indigenous peoples resisted the encroachment of colonial powers and the exploitation of their resources. Examples include the Native American resistance to American and European colonization, the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya, and the Aboriginal resistance to British colonization in Australia.
2. Peasant movements: Peasants in colonized regions often resisted the introduction of cash crops and the forced extraction of resources by colonial powers. Examples include the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Philippine Revolution against Spanish and American colonial rule, and the Chinese Taiping Rebellion against the Qing dynasty.
3. Labor movements: Workers in colonized regions often organized labor movements to resist exploitation and demand better working conditions. Examples include the Indian Trade Union Movement, the African National Congress’s (ANC) labor struggles, and the Chinese labor movement.
4. Nationalist movements: Nationalist movements emerged in many colonized regions, seeking independence from colonial powers and self-determination. Examples include the Indian independence movement, the African National Congress (ANC), and the Arab nationalist movement.