The Indian Constitution has several provisions related to education, which are enshrined in Articles 29 to 31 of the Constitution. Here are some key provisions:

Article 29: Right of Minorities to Education

• Recognizes the right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
• Protects the right of minorities to manage their own educational institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities.

Article 30: Right of Anglo-Indian Community

• Grants the Anglo-Indian community the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
• Provides for the reservation of seats for Anglo-Indians in educational institutions.

Article 30A: Prohibition on Endowment and Restrictions on Educational Institutions

• Prohibits the endowment of any educational institution or the restriction on its reception or management by any class or community.
• Bars the government from interfering with the management or administration of any educational institution.

Article 31: Compulsory Education

• Makes education a fundamental right for children between the ages of 6 and 14 (later extended to 18 by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002).

• Mandates that the state provide free and compulsory education for all children in the age group.

Article 32: Fundamental Right to Education

• Recognizes education as a fundamental right under Article 21 (right to life and liberty) and Article 19 (right to freedom of speech and expression).
• Empowers the Supreme Court to issue directions or orders for the realization of this fundamental right.

Key directives and judgments

• The Supreme Court’s judgment in T.M.A. Pai Foundation vs. State of Karnataka (2003) emphasized the importance of reservation in private unaided educational institutions.
• The judgment in Imrana Qadri vs. Union of India (2014) upheld the constitutionality of the Right to Education Act, 2009.
• The Supreme Court has also issued several directions and orders to ensure access to education for marginalized communities, such as Dalits, Adivasis, and Muslims.