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Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Rajesh Meena
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Asked: 2024-07-24T16:17:58+05:30 In:

What do you understand by Disaster Risk Reduction? How can Disaster Risk Reduction be mainstreamed in development planning?

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What does Disaster Risk Reduction mean to you? How can development planning incorporate disaster risk reduction?

upsc: disaster management

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3 Answers

  1. BAIRABOINA RAKSHITHA
    Begginer
    This answer was edited.

    Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) refers to the systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks of disaster. It encompasses a range of strategies and practices aimed at minimizing the impact of disasters on communities, economies, and environments. Key components of DRR include:

    1. Risk Assessment: Identifying hazards, vulnerabilities, and capacities to understand the potential impact of disasters.

    2. Prevention and Mitigation: Implementing measures to prevent disasters or reduce their severity, such as building codes, land-use planning, and environmental conservation.

    3. Preparedness: Developing plans and systems to ensure that communities are ready to respond effectively when disasters occur. This includes training, drills, and early warning systems.

    4. Response and Recovery: Ensuring that communities can respond to disasters quickly and effectively, and that recovery efforts are sustainable and inclusive.

    Mainstreaming DRR in Development Planning

    Mainstreaming DRR into development planning involves integrating disaster risk considerations into policies, programs, and projects across various sectors. Here are several strategies to achieve this:

    1. Policy Integration: Ensure that national and local development policies explicitly include DRR objectives. This can be done by aligning DRR with existing frameworks such as climate change adaptation, sustainable development goals (SDGs), and urban planning.

    2. Stakeholder Engagement: Involve a wide range of stakeholders, including government agencies, civil society, private sector, and communities, in the planning process. This ensures that diverse perspectives are considered and promotes ownership of DRR initiatives.

    3. Capacity Building: Invest in training and resources for local governments, communities, and organizations to enhance their understanding of DRR principles and practices. This includes technical training in risk assessment and disaster management.

    4. Data Collection and Analysis: Establish systems for collecting and analyzing data on hazards, vulnerabilities, and capacities. This information is crucial for informed decision-making and effective planning.

    5. Infrastructure Planning: Incorporate DRR principles into infrastructure development projects. This includes using resilient construction techniques, considering climate risks in location choices, and ensuring that critical infrastructure can withstand potential disasters.

    6. Education and Awareness: Promote public awareness campaigns about disaster risks and preparedness measures. Education programs can help communities understand the importance of DRR and encourage proactive behaviors.

    7. Funding Mechanisms: Allocate financial resources for DRR initiatives within development budgets. This can include establishing dedicated funds for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts.

    8. Monitoring and Evaluation: Implement monitoring systems to assess the effectiveness of DRR strategies within development plans. Regular evaluations help identify gaps and areas for improvement.

    9. Cross-Sectoral Collaboration: Foster collaboration between different sectors (e.g., health, environment, education) to address the multifaceted nature of disaster risks. This holistic approach enhances resilience across communities.

  2. Rubi Gautam
    Begginer

    Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and reduce the causal factors of disasters.

    • Reducing exposure to hazards, lessening vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improving preparedness and early warning for adverse events are all examples of disaster risk reduction.
    • The pre-disaster risk reduction includes mitigation, preparedness, whereas the post-disaster risk reduction includes rescue, relief and recovery.

    Increasing appreciation of the need to mainstream disaster risk reduction into development was formalised in 2005 when the Hyogo Framework (2005-2015) was adopted. It was continued in the Sendai Framework (2015-30). This thinking informs the process of mainstreaming DRR in developmental planning. This could be further achieved through the following:

    • Legislation for DRR: National legislatures may provide an overarching framework for risk reduction and enabling risk reduction strategies in the ministries and developmental works; for example- provision of environmental impact assessment.
    • A comprehensive DRR: Plan should be developed through the active participation of stakeholders at all levels of government. Government and non-government disaster risk reduction projects and programs need to be aligned with the objectives and strategies presented in this plan..
      • Adopting a sectoral approach and identification of key sectors for mainstreaming. Within each sector, key programmes/projects would have to be identified. This must be followed by identifying the entry points within the programmes/projects for integration.
    • Appropriate institutional arrangements: For mainstreaming DRR need to be established. The institutional structure should strengthen the horizontal and vertical integration of DRR between different levels of government, between various line agencies, between other stakeholders (civil society, private sector, academia, etc.) and between neighboring localities.
    • Budget lines: (provision of finance) Should be created at all levels of government to support the basic functioning of DRR offices and their activities.
    • Capacity Building: Skills, capacities and tools need to be developed by government agencies for incorporating risk considerations in their day-today operations.

    Some of the specific measures to mainstream DRR would include -Strengthening of techno-legal regime like implementation of provisions of BIS code, Town and Country Planning Act and building byelaws etc.; Flood plain zoning; Strengthening the enforcement mechanisms etc. In India, mainstreaming DRR into the developmental plans is an important mandate of the Disaster Management Act 2005.

  3. Umang Singh Yadav
    Expert

    Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster. It aims at reducing the vulnerability of communities to disasters and enhancing their capacity to cope with and recover from disasters.

    India’s Disaster Risk Reduction efforts have yielded significant results 38.8 million people covered under National Disaster Management Plan, 14,000+ villages flood mapped and 100 plus early warning systems. Cyclone Fani evacuation saved 1.2 million lives, reducing casualties by 95% compared to 1999. Kerala floods rescue operations saved 4.5 lakh people, minimizing losses.

    Mainstreaming of Disaster Risk Reduction in Development Planning – 

    1. Organizational structures and frameworks enables coordinated disaster management. example – effective DRR institutional arrangements facilitated Odisha’s successful evacuation of 1.2 million people during Cyclone Fani.
    2. Policy and legislative framework comprises laws, policies and guidelines guiding disaster management. example – Disaster Management Act (2005),National Disaster Management Policy (2009).
    3. Assessment and mapping identifies and evaluates hazards, vulnerabilities and risks.example-Flood Hazard Mapping (FHM).
    4. Development sectors incorporates risk reduction measures into sectors like infrastructure, agriculture, health and education.example-flood resistant roads and bridges.
    5. Community engagement and participation involves empowering communities to take ownership of risk reduction through awareness, training and involvement.example-Village disaster management committees.
    6. Financing and resource allocation ensures dedicated funds for risk reduction measures. example – National Disaster Risk Management Fund (NDRMF).
    7. Capacity building and training enhances skills and knowledge of stakeholders.

     

    Effective Disaster Risk Reduction measures save lives, mitigate losses and foster resilience. India’s proactive approach through policy, institutional frameworks and community engagement serves as a model.

     

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