Impact of Technology-Enabled Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services

Technology-enabled agricultural extension and advisory services have revolutionized the way information and knowledge are disseminated among farmers. Initiatives like Kisan Call Centers, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and mobile applications have significantly impacted the accessibility and quality of agricultural support. This discussion assesses these impacts and explores the measures needed to ensure effective last-mile connectivity and universality of these services.

1. Impact of Technology-Enabled Services

Kisan Call Centers (KCCs)

Improved Access to Expert Advice:
Kisan Call Centers provide farmers with direct access to agricultural experts through a dedicated helpline. This service helps farmers get timely information on crop management, pest control, and market prices. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, KCCs played a crucial role in offering advice remotely, reducing the need for physical visits and ensuring continuous support.

Timely and Relevant Information:
KCCs offer real-time solutions to agricultural issues, which can be critical during emergencies such as pest outbreaks or extreme weather conditions. For example, India’s Kisan Call Center network, with its multilingual support, has been instrumental in disseminating information on the locust attacks that affected various regions, helping farmers take preventive measures.

Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)

Enhanced Market Access and Bargaining Power:
FPOs are cooperative structures that enable small and marginal farmers to collectively market their produce. By pooling resources and produce, FPOs enhance farmers’ market access and bargaining power. For example, the NABARD’s promotion of FPOs in states like Madhya Pradesh has improved farmers’ market linkages and enabled better price realization.

Knowledge Sharing and Capacity Building:
FPOs facilitate the sharing of best practices and knowledge among farmers. They often organize training sessions and workshops on advanced agricultural techniques. For instance, the FPOs in Tamil Nadu have been successful in training farmers on organic farming practices, leading to increased adoption of sustainable agricultural methods.

Mobile Applications

Access to Real-Time Data:
Mobile applications provide farmers with access to a range of real-time data, including weather forecasts, market prices, and crop advisories. Applications such as Kisan Suvidha and e-NAM offer valuable information that helps farmers make informed decisions. For example, the e-NAM platform has facilitated the electronic trading of agricultural produce, improving transparency and efficiency in market transactions.

Promotion of Best Practices:
Mobile apps often include features for educational content and best practices in farming. The IIFCO Kisan app provides information on crop management, pest control, and financial services, contributing to better farm management and productivity.

2. Measures for Last-Mile Connectivity and Universality

Infrastructure Development:
Ensuring last-mile connectivity requires robust infrastructure, including reliable internet access and mobile network coverage. Investment in rural infrastructure is essential for the effective delivery of technology-enabled services. For instance, expanding broadband networks and improving mobile network connectivity in remote areas can enhance the reach of agricultural apps and KCCs.

Training and Capacity Building:
Farmers need training to effectively use technology-enabled services. Implementing training programs to educate farmers on using mobile apps, understanding KCCs, and participating in FPOs is crucial. For example, the Digital Green initiative has been successful in providing training on digital tools and agricultural practices in various states of India.

Integration with Local Institutions:
Collaborating with local agricultural extension workers and institutions can improve the implementation of technology-enabled services. Local institutions can act as intermediaries to facilitate the adoption of these services. For example, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) play a vital role in integrating technological solutions with local farming practices and ensuring that information reaches the intended beneficiaries.

Customization and Localization:
Technology-enabled services should be customized to address the specific needs and conditions of different regions. This includes providing information in local languages and adapting content to local agricultural practices. For example, mobile apps and KCCs should offer support in regional languages and incorporate region-specific agricultural information to increase their effectiveness.

Regular Monitoring and Feedback:
Continuous monitoring and feedback mechanisms are necessary to assess the effectiveness of technology-enabled services and make necessary improvements. Regular surveys and feedback from farmers can help identify issues and areas for enhancement. For instance, Government initiatives often include mechanisms for gathering user feedback and updating services based on farmer needs and preferences.

Conclusion

Technology-enabled agricultural extension and advisory services like Kisan Call Centers, Farmer Producer Organizations, and mobile applications have significantly improved the access to and quality of agricultural information and knowledge dissemination among farmers. These services offer timely advice, enhance market access, and promote best practices. However, to ensure their effectiveness, measures such as improving infrastructure, providing training, integrating with local institutions, and customizing services are essential. Addressing these challenges will help achieve comprehensive last-mile connectivity and universality, ultimately enhancing the welfare of farmers and consumers.