India’s geopolitical environment is increasingly characterized by challenges posed by some neighboring countries such as Sri Lanka, Nepal and Maldives. In all these countries, the circumstances in which the developments have happened may be different, but in all cases India has been the focus of their anger.

The anti-Indian sentiment in Sri Lanka can be attributed to the growing influence of China through substantial investments and infrastructural projects, such as Hambantota port. Economic dependency on China has shifted Sri Lanka’s geopolitical alignments. Additionally, historical grievances and nationalist sentiments fuel skeptism towards India. To address these issues, India is engaging diplomatically through high-level-talks and also offering economic assistance and development projects to counter China’s influence.

The anti-Indian sentiment in Maldives are influenced by nationalist sentiments and geopolitical tensions like Maldives strategic location and its growing ties with China and maritime security. India has been actively engaging the Maldivian government through aid, development projects, and support for democratic processes. Initiatives include providing assistance for infrastructure development, promoting people-to-people ties, and addressing security concerns collaboratively.

Nepal, which shares deep cultural and historical ties with India, has also witnessed a deterioration in relations due to disputes over border demarcation and perceptions of Indian interference in domestic politics. Recent border disputes, particularly the dispute over the Kalapani, Lipulekh, and Limpiyadhura regions, have fuelled nationalist sentiments in Nepal. To address these challenges, India has been working to resolve border issues through diplomatic negotiations and discussions aimed at reaching mutually acceptable solutions. India is also reinforcing its engagement with Nepal through development aid, infrastructure projects, and support for social programs.