**Ransomware:**

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that encrypts a victim’s data, rendering it inaccessible. The attacker then demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key needed to restore access to the data. Ransomware attacks can cause significant disruption to individuals and organizations by preventing access to critical files and systems.

**How Ransomware Typically Spreads:**

1. **Phishing Emails:**
– Ransomware is often delivered through malicious attachments or links in phishing emails.
– When the attachment is opened or the link is clicked, the ransomware is installed on the victim’s device.

2. **Malicious Websites and Ads:**
– Visiting compromised websites or clicking on malicious ads (malvertising) can lead to automatic ransomware downloads.
– Drive-by downloads occur without the user’s knowledge when they visit these sites.

3. **Exploiting Vulnerabilities:**
– Ransomware can spread by exploiting unpatched software vulnerabilities in operating systems, applications, or network devices.
– Attackers use these vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access and deploy ransomware.

4. **Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP):**
– Weak or compromised RDP credentials allow attackers to access systems remotely and install ransomware.
– Attackers use brute force or credential stuffing attacks to gain access.

5. **Infected Software Updates:**
– Ransomware can be distributed through legitimate software updates that have been compromised.
– Users inadvertently install ransomware along with the software update.

**Conclusion:**
Ransomware spreads through various vectors, including phishing emails, malicious websites, exploiting vulnerabilities, RDP attacks, and compromised software updates. Awareness and robust cybersecurity practices are essential to mitigate the risk of ransomware attacks.