Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) plays a crucial role in the detection and management of AIDS, utilizing biotechnological advancements to identify HIV, the virus responsible for the disease. ELISA is a highly sensitive and specific test that detects the presence of antibodies or antigens related to HIV in a patient’s blood sample.

In the context of AIDS, ELISA is primarily used for initial screening. The procedure involves coating a microplate with HIV antigens, then adding the patient’s serum. If HIV antibodies are present, they bind to the antigens. A secondary antibody linked to an enzyme is added, which binds to the HIV antibodies. Upon adding a substrate, the enzyme catalyzes a color change, indicating a positive result.

Biotechnology enhances ELISA’s efficacy by enabling the production of high-quality, recombinant antigens and monoclonal antibodies, improving test accuracy and reliability. Moreover, advancements in biotechnology facilitate the development of more robust, rapid, and cost-effective ELISA kits, essential for widespread screening and early detection.

Early diagnosis through ELISA allows for timely intervention, reducing viral transmission and improving patient outcomes. Additionally, ELISA is vital in blood screening to prevent HIV-contaminated blood transfusions, underscoring its significance in public health and biotechnology’s role in combating AIDS.