Climate change has profound effects on ecosystems, health, and society. Ecosystems are disrupted as rising temperatures alter habitats, leading to shifts in species distributions and the loss of biodiversity. Coral reefs, for example, are experiencing widespread bleaching due to warmer sea temperatures, which impacts marine life and coastal protection. Forests face increased risks from wildfires, pests, and diseases, further threatening biodiversity.

Human health is directly and indirectly affected by climate change. Increased temperatures and heatwaves can lead to heat-related illnesses and exacerbate existing conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Climate change also influences the spread of vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue, as shifting weather patterns expand the range of disease-carrying insects. Additionally, extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and floods, pose risks to mental health, displacing communities and leading to trauma and stress.

Societal impacts include economic challenges and social inequalities. Climate change can disrupt agricultural productivity, leading to food insecurity and economic instability, particularly in vulnerable regions. It can also exacerbate existing social inequalities, as marginalized communities often face the greatest risks and have fewer resources to adapt. Migration driven by climate-related disasters further strains social systems and infrastructure, highlighting the need for integrated climate adaptation and mitigation strategies to address these multifaceted challenges