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Home/upsc: technology missions in agriculture

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Panna Lal
  • 1
Panna LalBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In:
  • 1

Identifying the problems with agricultural extension in India, talk about how Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) are helping to improve the country’s system of agricultural research extension.

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Sammi Bhargav
    Sammi Bhargav Begginer

    Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education, training and assistance. It is aimed to develop agriculture practices through research and development. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has initiaRead more

    Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education, training and assistance. It is aimed to develop agriculture practices through research and development. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has initiated several extension approaches including Krishi Vigyan Kendras (1974) with its mandate ranging from vocational training to technology assessment and demonstration for its application and capacity development.

    However, there are various issues with agricultural extension in India, including

    • Low public spending on agriculture research and development despite the recommended expenditure of around 2 percent of GDP.
    • Deficiency of infrastructure such as irrigation, connectivity, electricity, logistics and price incentives limit the impact of extension services thereby hindering agriculture growth.
    • One-size-fits-all approach in a country with a large number of farmers categorized as small and marginal and not factoring in aspects such as resource availability, agro-climatic conditions etc.
    • Lack of capacity and resources within civil society organisations to make a significant impact across regions. Though NGO-led extension models offer far more variety and display sensitivity to local priorities and conditions.
    • Lack of functional coordination at field level among the government, private sector, NGOs and others providing agriculture extension services.
    • Absence of quality standards leaves questions of accountability, as the majority of farmers are not in a position to pursue legal remedies in case of erroneous or even harmful advice.

    Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in strengthening the national agricultural research extension system

    • Identifying farming systems, field problems and developing action plans: KVK scientists visit on the ground and identify the grass root level problems existing in the villages, which are pivotal for designing future action plans.
    • Technology development: Technology development is a continuous process and in this KVKs act as a crucial player in testing, adaptation and integration of proven technologies.
    • Front line demonstration: KVKs demonstrate proven technologies for the first time to convince farmers and extension workers to establish production potential of technologies on the farmers’ fields.
    • Capacity building: Through capacity development programs of farmers and extension personnel, KVKs update their knowledge and skills on modern agricultural technologies.
    • Work as knowledge and resource centre of agricultural technologies for supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector in improving the agricultural economy of the district.
    • Provide farm advisories using ICT and other media means on varied subjects of interest to farmers. Today, KVKs are the focal point for Assessment, Refinement and Demonstration of front line technologies for all developmental activities related to agriculture, community and industries in rural India.

    Due to changing agricultural conditions—including climate change, increasingly degraded and marginalized land coming into production, limited water availability, increasing use of inputs, rising fuel costs, and unknown market opportunities—farmers require access to timely, reliable, and relevant information that can support the complexity within which their farm enterprises operate.

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Vaibhav Mishra
  • 0
Vaibhav MishraBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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Examine how the agricultural R&D ecosystem—which consists of universities, state and federal research institutes, and private sector partnerships—contributes to the creation and marketing of novel agricultural technologies. Talk about the steps that need to be taken to improve financing, coordination, ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Kartik Iyer
    Kartik Iyer Begginer

    Role of Agricultural Research and Development Ecosystem in Innovative Agricultural Technologies Introduction The agricultural research and development (R&D) ecosystem in India comprises a network of central and state-level research institutes, universities, and private sector collaborations. ThiRead more

    Role of Agricultural Research and Development Ecosystem in Innovative Agricultural Technologies

    Introduction

    The agricultural research and development (R&D) ecosystem in India comprises a network of central and state-level research institutes, universities, and private sector collaborations. This ecosystem plays a critical role in the development and commercialization of innovative agricultural technologies. Evaluating its effectiveness involves understanding how these entities contribute to technological advancements and identifying measures to enhance funding, coordination, and practical application of research outcomes.

    Key Components of the Agricultural R&D Ecosystem

    1. Central Research Institutes:
      • Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR): ICAR is the apex body coordinating agricultural research and development in India. It oversees numerous research institutes focusing on various aspects of agriculture, such as the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and the Central Institute of Cotton Research (CICR).
      • Achievements: ICAR’s research has led to significant technological advancements, such as the development of high-yielding crop varieties and pest-resistant seeds. For example, the development of the Bt Cotton variety has revolutionized cotton cultivation in India.
    2. State-Level Research Institutes:
      • State Agricultural Universities (SAUs): Each state has its own agricultural university that conducts research tailored to regional needs. For instance, the Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) has developed improved varieties of wheat and rice suited to the Punjab region.
      • Local Adaptation: SAUs address regional agricultural challenges by developing technologies adapted to local climatic and soil conditions, such as drought-resistant varieties in Rajasthan.
    3. Universities and Academic Institutions:
      • Academic Research: Universities like the National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) and Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) contribute to advancements in dairy and veterinary sciences.
      • Innovative Solutions: Research at these institutions has led to innovations such as improved dairy breeds and disease management practices.
    4. Private Sector Collaborations:
      • Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Collaborations between public institutions and private companies drive the commercialization of agricultural technologies. For instance, Mahindra Agribusiness partners with research institutions to develop and market new agricultural machinery and technology.
      • Biotech and Agri-tech Startups: Private sector involvement includes startups like AgroStar and Ninjacart, which leverage technology to provide solutions ranging from precision agriculture to supply chain management.

    Measures to Enhance Funding, Coordination, and Translation of Research Outcomes

    1. Enhancing Funding:
      • Increased Investment: Greater investment in agricultural R&D is crucial for sustaining innovation. The National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) is an example of a funding initiative aimed at improving agricultural research infrastructure and capacity.
      • Diversified Funding Sources: Exploring additional funding sources, including international grants and venture capital, can provide the necessary resources for advanced research.
    2. Improving Coordination:
      • Integrated Research Networks: Establishing more integrated research networks that facilitate collaboration between central and state-level institutes can enhance efficiency. For example, the National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP) aims to strengthen research networks and promote collaboration.
      • Unified Platforms: Creating unified platforms for sharing research findings and data among different research entities can reduce duplication and foster collaborative efforts.
    3. Translating Research into Practical Applications:
      • Technology Transfer Mechanisms: Developing robust mechanisms for technology transfer is essential. The Technology Development and Transfer (TDT) program under ICAR facilitates the commercialization of research outputs.
      • Field Demonstrations and Pilot Projects: Conducting field demonstrations and pilot projects can help validate research outcomes in real-world conditions. Programs like the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) network play a key role in demonstrating new technologies to farmers.
      • Capacity Building and Training: Providing training and capacity-building programs for farmers and extension workers ensures that research findings are effectively applied on the ground.

    Recent Examples and Initiatives

    1. DigiAgri Platform:
      • The DigiAgri platform, a collaboration between government agencies and private sector players, integrates various agricultural technologies and provides farmers with digital tools for better farm management.
    2. CRISPR-Cas9 Technology:
      • Recent advancements like the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for gene editing in crops are being explored through collaborations between research institutes and private biotech firms, aiming to develop crops with enhanced traits such as drought resistance and improved nutritional content.

    Conclusion

    The agricultural R&D ecosystem in India, encompassing central and state-level institutes, universities, and private sector collaborations, plays a vital role in advancing agricultural technologies. However, to maximize its impact, measures such as enhanced funding, improved coordination, and effective translation of research into practical applications are essential. Strengthening these areas will help drive innovation and ensure that agricultural advancements benefit farmers and contribute to sustainable agricultural development.

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Rajashree Shirke
  • 0
Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: February 11, 2025In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Definition of farm mechanization: Briefly define farm mechanization, highlighting its role in replacing or enhancing manual labor with machines for various agricultural tasks like soil preparation, planting, irrigation, and harvesting. Contextual relevance: Explain why this topic is ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Farm mechanization refers to the use of machines and equipment to carry out various agricultural tasks, replacing or enhancing manual labor. It includes activities like soil preparation, planting, irrigation, and harvesting. Mechanization is seen as a solution to increase eRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Farm mechanization refers to the use of machines and equipment to carry out various agricultural tasks, replacing or enhancing manual labor. It includes activities like soil preparation, planting, irrigation, and harvesting. Mechanization is seen as a solution to increase efficiency and productivity in farming, especially for small and marginal farmers.

    Economic Effects of Farm Mechanization on Small and Marginal Farmers

    1. Cost-Effectiveness:

    • Reduction in Labour Costs:
      • Mechanization can significantly lower the need for manual labor, which is often costly. Machines can perform tasks faster and more efficiently than human laborers, leading to direct savings for farmers.
      • For example, using tractors for plowing instead of hiring daily wage workers can cut costs, especially during peak seasons.
    • Increased Efficiency:
      • Mechanized farming helps farmers complete tasks more quickly and with greater accuracy. For instance, sowing, irrigation, and harvesting can be done in less time, allowing for more work to be done within the same time frame.
      • This increased efficiency also reduces the time gap between sowing and harvesting, which is crucial for maximizing crop production.
    • Improved Resource Management:
      • Mechanization helps in better management of inputs such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides. Machines can apply fertilizers or pesticides in precise quantities, reducing waste and optimizing usage.
      • A NABARD report highlights that improved implements can reduce the cost of cultivation by up to 20%, providing significant savings for small farmers.
    • Higher Yields:
      • Mechanization enables the use of advanced technologies, like hybrid seeds and modern cultivation techniques, which leads to higher yields per acre. Machines can also enable timely operations, reducing crop losses and improving productivity.

    2. Income Enhancement:

    • Increased Productivity:
      • Mechanization allows small farmers to expand the area under cultivation and perform multiple tasks in a single cropping season. For instance, tractors can be used for tilling, while harvesters can reduce time spent on harvesting.
      • The NABARD report mentions that the use of improved implements can increase productivity by up to 30%, which directly contributes to higher income for farmers.
    • Crop Diversification:
      • Mechanized farming opens up the possibility of growing a variety of crops. With machines handling labor-intensive tasks, farmers have the capacity to manage more crops, which can lead to higher income through crop diversification.
      • This helps mitigate risks related to price fluctuations or poor weather conditions affecting a single crop.
    • Better Price Negotiation:
      • Mechanized farming leads to surplus production, allowing farmers to negotiate better prices. With higher and consistent production, farmers can sell to larger markets, getting better rates due to the steady supply of quality produce.
    • Value Addition and Processing:
      • Farm mechanization also supports post-harvest processes like threshing, milling, and packaging. By adding value to the produce, farmers can sell processed goods at higher prices, improving their overall income.
      • For instance, mechanized milling allows farmers to process their grains and sell flour instead of raw grains, capturing more value in the market.
    • Access to Markets:
      • Mechanized farming helps produce high-quality, standardized products, making it easier for small farmers to access better markets. This can lead to direct income growth by targeting higher-paying markets that demand quality produce.
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Rajashree Shirke
  • 0
Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 22, 2025In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce agrivoltaics as a system that combines solar energy production with agricultural practices, where crops are grown underneath solar panels. Mention the growing importance of sustainable farming in India due to challenges like land scarcity, water ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer 1. Efficient Use of Agricultural Land: Agrivoltaics allows farmers to use the same land for both crop production and solar energy generation, optimizing space and resource utilization. For instance, in the Vidarbha region, a six-acre agrivoltaic system combined with a 100MW solar instalRead more

    Model Answer

    1. Efficient Use of Agricultural Land:
     Agrivoltaics allows farmers to use the same land for both crop production and solar energy generation, optimizing space and resource utilization. For instance, in the Vidarbha region, a six-acre agrivoltaic system combined with a 100MW solar installation allowed farmers to continue regular agricultural activities while producing renewable energy.

    2. Enhanced Agricultural Productivity:
    The shade provided by solar panels helps create a microclimate that reduces plant stress, especially in areas with intense sunlight. A study in Greece found that solar panels reduced net radiation by 44% and wind speed by 38%, leading to a cooler environment that could potentially increase crop yields.

    3. Water Conservation:
     Solar panels reduce water evaporation, thereby conserving water for irrigation. At Oregon State University, agrivoltaics improved water conservation by 328%, showing how this system can drastically reduce the water needed for crop irrigation in water-scarce regions.

    4. Additional Income for Farmers:
     Agrivoltaics can generate additional revenue streams for farmers by allowing them to sell surplus electricity. For example, in Vidarbha, a solar system generated $27,655 annually from excess electricity sold back to the grid, offering farmers a sustainable financial boost.

    5. Reducing the Carbon Footprint:
    By generating clean, renewable energy, agrivoltaics reduces the reliance on fossil fuels and helps cut greenhouse gas emissions. This contributes significantly to climate change mitigation.

    6. Enhanced Agricultural Resilience:
     Solar panels provide protection against extreme weather conditions such as hailstorms, enhancing agricultural resilience. Agrivoltaics also contributes to powering essential farm facilities like cold storage units and irrigation systems.

    Incorporating agrivoltaics into Indian farming could ensure a sustainable future for agriculture while improving food security and environmental sustainability.

    Highlights:

    • Efficient Land Use: Simultaneous crop production and solar generation (Vidarbha case).
    • Enhanced Productivity: Cooler microclimates boost yields.
    • Water Conservation: 328% improvement at Oregon State University.
    • Additional Income: $27,655 annually from surplus electricity (Vidarbha).
    • Reduced Carbon Footprint: Helps cut GHG emissions.
    • Resilience: Protects crops from extreme weather.
    • Improved Irrigation: Daytime power for irrigation.
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Rajashree Shirke
  • 0
Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 20, 2025In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce the concept of Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS). Definition: SPIS uses solar energy to operate irrigation equipment such as pumps, offering an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional irrigation methods. Relevance to India: India’s vast agricultural land and ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Benefits of Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) in India 1. Reduced Dependence on Monsoons and Climate Change Resilience: SPIS can mitigate the impacts of erratic monsoon patterns and climate change. These systems ensure a consistent water supply, which enhances agricultural productRead more

    Model Answer

    Benefits of Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) in India

    1. Reduced Dependence on Monsoons and Climate Change Resilience: SPIS can mitigate the impacts of erratic monsoon patterns and climate change. These systems ensure a consistent water supply, which enhances agricultural productivity and stability. For example, farmers in Chandrapur, Jharkhand, shifted from rain-fed paddy cultivation to vegetable farming after installing solar-powered lift irrigation systems, thereby improving yields and profitability.

    2. Reliable Daytime Electricity Supply: In areas with unreliable electricity, such as Vidarbha, SPIS provides a steady and regular power supply, allowing farmers to irrigate crops without depending on erratic power schedules. This reliable energy access directly impacts productivity by ensuring timely irrigation.

    3. Additional Income Streams: Farmers can sell surplus electricity generated by SPIS back to the grid, creating an extra income stream. For instance, 36% of farmers in Chhattisgarh and 14% in Haryana saw a 50% increase in their annual income after installing solar water pumps.

    4. Reduced Farm Subsidies: By replacing diesel and electric pumps, SPIS reduce the need for government subsidies. In 2019, electricity subsidies for agriculture in India amounted to over Rs. 1 lakh crore. The adoption of SPIS is expected to decrease these subsidies, freeing up resources for other initiatives.

    5. Environmental Benefits: SPIS significantly reduce the carbon footprint of agricultural practices by replacing fossil fuel-based power sources with solar energy. The PM-KUSUM scheme alone is projected to cut down carbon emissions by up to 32 million tonnes annually.

    Limitations of SPIS

    1. High Initial Investment: The installation cost of SPIS can be high, making it unaffordable for small-scale farmers. This is a significant barrier to widespread adoption.

    2. Maintenance and Technical Challenges: SPIS require regular maintenance and technical expertise, which may not be readily available in rural areas, hindering their effectiveness.

    3. Storage and Efficiency Issues: Solar energy is intermittent, and without efficient storage solutions, SPIS may be ineffective during cloudy days or at night. The performance of these systems is also geographically dependent.

    4. Water Management Concerns: Improper management of water resources could lead to over-exploitation, especially of groundwater, necessitating stringent regulations for sustainable water use.

    Conclusion: Despite these challenges, SPIS hold great potential to transform Indian agriculture by promoting sustainable, climate-resilient farming. Through targeted interventions such as training programs and public-private partnerships, the barriers to adoption can be reduced, making SPIS a key driver of inclusive growth and environmental sustainability in Indian agriculture.

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Team
  • 0
TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Definition of Digital India: Briefly explain the program and its launch in 2015. Relevance: Highlight the importance of agriculture in India, where 70% of the population is rural and 50% rely on agriculture for livelihood. Section 1: How Digital ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The 'Digital India' program, launched in 2015, aims to create a robust digital infrastructure to empower rural communities and enhance digital literacy, particularly in the agricultural sector, where 70% of India's population resides and agriculture is the primary livelihooRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The ‘Digital India’ program, launched in 2015, aims to create a robust digital infrastructure to empower rural communities and enhance digital literacy, particularly in the agricultural sector, where 70% of India’s population resides and agriculture is the primary livelihood for 50% of the population. Here’s how the program can help farmers improve farm productivity and income:

    Digital India Program and Farm Productivity

    1. Access to Information: Farmers can access real-time data on market prices, weather forecasts, and soil health, enabling them to make informed decisions that enhance yields and reduce risks.
    2. E-Commerce Platforms: The program facilitates direct sales through e-commerce, allowing farmers to sell produce directly to consumers, thus bypassing intermediaries and increasing their income.
    3. Tailored Recommendations: Digital tools can provide personalized advice based on crop type, weather conditions, and market trends, helping farmers optimize their practices.
    4. E-Agriculture Services: Online services such as soil testing and crop insurance are made available, improving the quality of produce and minimizing crop failure risks.
    5. Direct Cash Transfers: The program supports direct cash transfers to farmers, replacing traditional subsidies, which helps reduce debt burdens and encourages investment in farming.
    6. Growth of Start-ups: Digital India fosters the growth of agri-tech start-ups, providing farmers with innovative solutions for crop management, market intelligence, and access to credit.
    7. Social Media Utilization: Platforms like Digital Green enable farmers to share best practices through participatory videos, enhancing knowledge transfer in a cost-effective manner.

    Steps Taken by the Government

    • e-NAM: The National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is an online trading platform that connects farmers with buyers, improving price transparency and market access.
    • BharatNet: This initiative aims to provide high-speed internet connectivity to all gram panchayats, enhancing communication and access to digital services.
    • National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology: This mission strengthens agricultural extension services to deliver modern technologies and practices to farmers.
    • AgriMarket App: This mobile application keeps farmers updated on crop prices, helping them avoid distress sales.
    • E-Governance Initiatives: The government has launched various portals, including the farmer portal and m-Kisan portal, to provide essential information and support to farmers.

    Conclusion

    The Digital India program holds significant promise for enhancing farmers’ livelihoods by providing access to vital information and services that improve productivity and reduce risks. By empowering rural youth and facilitating equitable market access, it aims to transform the agricultural landscape in India.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define the National Watershed Project (NWP) and its purpose in agricultural development. Mention its collaboration with the World Bank and focus on watershed management. Fact: The NWP was launched to consolidate various initiatives for effective water management and ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The National Watershed Project (NWP) is a significant initiative aimed at enhancing agricultural production in water-stressed regions of India. Launched in collaboration with the World Bank, the NWP focuses on effective watershed management, which involves the storage and rRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The National Watershed Project (NWP) is a significant initiative aimed at enhancing agricultural production in water-stressed regions of India. Launched in collaboration with the World Bank, the NWP focuses on effective watershed management, which involves the storage and recharge of groundwater through various structures such as percolation tanks and check dams.

    Key Impacts of the National Watershed Project

    1. Water Conservation

    The NWP has facilitated the construction of water harvesting structures, including check dams and contour trenches. These efforts have improved water availability for agricultural activities, directly contributing to increased agricultural production.

    Fact: Construction of water harvesting structures has been pivotal in making water accessible for irrigation, thus enhancing crop yields.

    2. Soil Conservation

    The project promotes sustainable practices like terracing and mulching, which help conserve soil and reduce erosion. Healthy soil is essential for improved agricultural productivity.

    Fact: Soil conservation measures under NWP have led to better soil health and higher agricultural outputs.

    3. Multiple Cropping Seasons

    With improved irrigation facilities such as canals, farmers can now cultivate crops during the dry season, reducing reliance on monsoon rains.

    Example: In Tamil Nadu, farmers are able to grow three crops a year due to extensive canal irrigation facilitated by NWP.

    4. Enhanced Livelihoods

    The NWP has created job opportunities in rural areas through the construction of water harvesting structures and other watershed-related activities, thereby boosting local economies.

    Fact: Increased agricultural production has directly contributed to improved livelihoods for rural communities.

    5. Environmental Sustainability

    By promoting sustainable agricultural practices and reducing soil erosion, the NWP contributes to the overall environmental health and sustainability of agricultural lands.

    6. Transformation of Land Use

    The project has successfully transformed previously barren lands into productive agricultural areas. For instance, the Thummachennupalle watershed in Chittoor district was converted into a community-owned orchard.

    Fact: NWP aims to convert 12% of wasteland into arable land upon completion.

    Conclusion

    The National Watershed Project represents an inclusive approach to agricultural development, emphasizing community participation and sustainable practices. By addressing inter-regional disparities in water availability, the NWP has significantly increased farming output in water-stressed regions, contributing to the broader goal of doubling farmers’ incomes by 2022.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define Integrated Farming System (IFS) and its purpose. Emphasize its role in creating a balanced, sustainable agricultural ecosystem. Fact: IFS combines various farming practices such as crop production, animal husbandry, and forestry to enhance sustainability. (Source: Agricultural Research ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Integrated Farming System (IFS) is an innovative agricultural approach that combines various farming practices, such as crop production, animal husbandry, and forestry, to create a sustainable ecosystem. By ensuring that the waste from one process serves as an input for anoRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Integrated Farming System (IFS) is an innovative agricultural approach that combines various farming practices, such as crop production, animal husbandry, and forestry, to create a sustainable ecosystem. By ensuring that the waste from one process serves as an input for another, IFS aims to enhance agricultural productivity while promoting environmental sustainability.

    Key Benefits of Integrated Farming System

    1. Resource Optimization

    IFS significantly reduces the reliance on chemical fertilizers by recycling nutrients within the farming ecosystem. This not only lowers input costs but also minimizes chemical residues in food and soil.

    Fact: IFS aids in pest and weed control by maintaining a balanced ecosystem, thereby reducing the need for chemical interventions.

    2. Waste Reduction

    By utilizing by-products from one subsystem as inputs for another, IFS minimizes waste. This environmentally friendly approach not only cuts costs but also enhances farm sustainability.

    Fact: The practice of recycling waste within IFS helps in reducing financial burdens on farmers.

    3. Environmental Benefits

    IFS promotes sustainable resource use, reduces the ecological footprint of farming, and enhances biodiversity. The system ensures that natural resources are used efficiently, thereby mitigating environmental degradation.

    Fact: IFS contributes to agroecological equilibrium, fostering resilience in farming systems.

    4. Economic Stability

    Multiple farming activities on the same land provide year-round employment opportunities, ensuring a consistent income flow for farmers. This diversification is crucial for financial security, especially given the unpredictability of monsoons.

    Fact: IFS offers alternative income sources through activities like animal husbandry and horticulture, thereby reducing risk for farmers.

    5. Nutritional Security

    By producing a diverse range of products—cereals, poultry, fish, and fruits—IFS addresses malnutrition associated with single-crop diets. This diversification is key to improving the nutritional status of communities.

    Conclusion

    The Integrated Farming System is instrumental in sustaining agricultural production by enhancing resource efficiency, promoting diversification, and supporting livelihoods. For India to achieve its goal of doubling farmers’ incomes while ensuring sustainability, a well-designed IFS must be adopted on a regional basis. This approach not only secures agricultural outputs but also fosters environmental health.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define the pervasive role of science in everyday life. Highlight its transformative impact, particularly in agriculture. 2. Science in Everyday Life Healthcare: Discuss how scientific advancements underpin modern healthcare. Example: Development of Covaxin (Source: Bharat Biotech). Communication: Explain the role of science in ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Science is intricately woven into the fabric of our daily lives, influencing everything from technology and healthcare to communication and transportation. In India, its transformative impact is especially evident in agriculture, where science-based technologies have signifRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Science is intricately woven into the fabric of our daily lives, influencing everything from technology and healthcare to communication and transportation. In India, its transformative impact is especially evident in agriculture, where science-based technologies have significantly enhanced productivity, sustainability, and resilience.

    Science in Everyday Life

    1. Healthcare:
      Scientific advancements form the backbone of modern healthcare. The development of the indigenous COVID-19 vaccine, Covaxin, exemplifies the power of biotechnology in combating diseases (Source: Bharat Biotech).
    2. Communication:
      Science drives the technologies that facilitate communication. The proliferation of smartphones and internet connectivity, even in rural areas, illustrates how scientific progress has bridged gaps in information access (Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India).
    3. Transportation:
      Advances in engineering and technology have revolutionized transportation. Metro systems in cities like Delhi and Mumbai highlight the benefits of scientific innovation in urban mobility (Source: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation).

    Transforming Agriculture Through Science-Based Technologies

    1. Green Revolution:
      Initiated in the 1960s, the Green Revolution leveraged high-yield variety seeds and chemical fertilizers, resulting in a dramatic increase in agricultural productivity in India (Source: Indian Council of Agricultural Research).
    2. Biotechnology:
      Genetically modified crops, such as Bt cotton, have improved yield and pest resistance, significantly benefiting farmers and enhancing food security (Source: National Academy of Agricultural Sciences).
    3. Precision Agriculture:
      Technologies like satellites and drones are revolutionizing farming practices. ISRO’s remote sensing satellites provide critical data for crop monitoring and yield estimation (Source: Indian Space Research Organisation).
    4. Irrigation Technologies:
      Innovations in irrigation, such as drip and sprinkler systems, have enhanced water efficiency, particularly in arid regions like Rajasthan (Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare).
    5. Climate Resilient Crops:
      Research institutions are developing climate-resilient crops. The Rice Research Institute in Hyderabad has created the drought-tolerant variety Sahbhagi Dhan, showcasing science’s role in adapting to climate change (Source: International Rice Research Institute).

    Conclusion

    Science significantly shapes our lives, providing tools for unprecedented advancements. In agriculture, science-based technologies have catalyzed a shift from subsistence farming to sustainable practices, paving the way for a resilient future. As we continue to embrace scientific innovation, transformative changes in society are inevitable.

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Aaditya Kapoor
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Aaditya KapoorBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In:
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Discuss the steps needed to increase the impact and reach of the various agriculture technology missions, such as the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture, the National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology, and the National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Kartik Iyer
    Kartik Iyer Begginer

    Evaluation of Technology Missions in Agriculture Introduction Technology missions in agriculture are pivotal in addressing the challenges of low productivity, climate change, and resource depletion. Programs such as the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), the National Mission on AgriRead more

    Evaluation of Technology Missions in Agriculture

    Introduction

    Technology missions in agriculture are pivotal in addressing the challenges of low productivity, climate change, and resource depletion. Programs such as the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), the National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET), and the National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP) aim to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. This evaluation explores their effectiveness and discusses measures required to bolster their impact and reach.

    National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)

    1. Objectives and Achievements:
      • Sustainable Practices: NMSA focuses on promoting sustainable agricultural practices, improving soil health, and enhancing water use efficiency. The mission supports practices like Organic Farming, Integrated Nutrient Management, and Water Use Efficiency.
      • Soil Health Management: The Soil Health Management (SHM) component of NMSA has been instrumental in promoting soil testing and providing recommendations for nutrient management. For instance, the Soil Health Management Scheme has led to the establishment of numerous soil testing laboratories.
    2. Challenges:
      • Adoption Rates: Despite its goals, adoption rates of sustainable practices have been uneven. In some regions, traditional practices persist due to a lack of awareness and training.
      • Resource Constraints: Limited funding and infrastructure challenges have affected the comprehensive implementation of NMSA’s initiatives.

    Measures for Enhancement:

    • Increased Awareness and Training: Strengthening outreach and training programs to educate farmers about sustainable practices.
    • Improved Funding and Infrastructure: Enhancing investment in infrastructure and resources to support soil health and sustainable agriculture practices.

    National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET)

    1. Objectives and Achievements:
      • Extension Services: NMAET aims to improve agricultural extension services, promote technology transfer, and enhance farmer training. The mission includes components like the Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms (SSEEPR) and Farmers’ Field Schools.
      • Technology Adoption: Initiatives under NMAET have facilitated the adoption of modern technologies and best practices, such as precision farming and climate-resilient crops. For example, the use of eNAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) has improved market access and price transparency.
    2. Challenges:
      • Coverage and Reach: The reach of extension services has been limited in remote and underserved areas, impacting the equitable dissemination of technology.
      • Coordination Issues: Coordination between various extension services and programs often faces challenges, leading to inefficiencies.

    Measures for Enhancement:

    • Expanding Reach: Strengthening extension services to cover more remote areas and ensure that all farmers benefit from technological advancements.
    • Enhanced Coordination: Improving coordination between different extension services and integrating technology to streamline information dissemination.

    National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP)

    1. Objectives and Achievements:
      • Oilseed Production: NMOOP aims to increase the production of oilseeds and oil palm to reduce import dependency. It supports research, development, and cultivation of high-yielding varieties of oilseeds and oil palm.
      • Successes: The mission has led to increased cultivation of oil palm in states like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, and enhanced production of oilseeds through improved varieties and farming practices.
    2. Challenges:
      • Geographic Limitations: The cultivation of oil palm has faced geographic and climatic limitations in regions outside the tropical zone, affecting its widespread adoption.
      • Market Fluctuations: Volatility in market prices for oilseeds can impact the profitability and attractiveness of oilseed cultivation.

    Measures for Enhancement:

    • Research and Development: Investing in R&D to develop climate-resilient and high-yielding varieties suitable for diverse geographic conditions.
    • Price Stabilization Mechanisms: Implementing mechanisms to stabilize market prices and ensure fair returns for farmers.

    Conclusion

    The technology missions in agriculture, including NMSA, NMAET, and NMOOP, play a crucial role in addressing challenges such as low productivity, climate change, and resource depletion. While these missions have achieved notable successes, challenges remain in terms of adoption rates, coverage, and geographic limitations. Enhancing their effectiveness requires increased awareness and training, improved funding and infrastructure, expanded reach, enhanced coordination, and continued investment in research and development. Addressing these areas will help maximize the impact of these missions and support sustainable agricultural development in India.

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