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Explain how narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat across the country. Suggest suitable measures to counter narco-terrorism. (Answer in 150 words) [UPSC 2024]
Model Answer Introduction Narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat in India, intertwining drug trafficking with the financing of terrorist activities. This issue poses significant challenges to national security and public health, exacerbated by India's geographical vulnerability to narcoticsRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat in India, intertwining drug trafficking with the financing of terrorist activities. This issue poses significant challenges to national security and public health, exacerbated by India’s geographical vulnerability to narcotics smuggling.
Emergence of Narco-Terrorism as a Serious Threat
Measures to Counter Narco-Terrorism
Effectively countering narco-terrorism requires a multi-faceted approach that strengthens law enforcement, utilizes advanced technologies, and raises public awareness to disrupt the drug-terror nexus.
See lessHow has the connection between drugs, the internet, and terrorism become a growing threat to India?
Model Answer 1. Narco-terrorism: Funding Terrorist Activities The convergence of narcotics trafficking and terrorism poses a significant security threat to India. Drug trafficking routes between major opium and cannabis-producing regions (such as Afghanistan and the Golden Triangle) pass through IndRead more
Model Answer
1. Narco-terrorism: Funding Terrorist Activities
The convergence of narcotics trafficking and terrorism poses a significant security threat to India. Drug trafficking routes between major opium and cannabis-producing regions (such as Afghanistan and the Golden Triangle) pass through India. Terrorist organizations, including Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, ULFA, Naxalites, and Maoists, exploit the narcotics trade to fund their operations. This not only destabilizes the nation but also sustains terrorist activities, undermining security efforts.
2. Cyber-Terrorism and Vulnerability
With over 820 million active internet users, India faces a heightened vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Cyber-terrorism can disrupt critical infrastructure, finance terrorism, or compromise national security. India is the most targeted country in the world, facing 13.7% of global cyber-attacks, as per the “India Threat Landscape Report 2023” by Cyfirma. Terrorist groups can exploit cyber platforms for communication, coordination, and even funding their operations, making India a key target for cyber-terrorist activities.
3. The Role of Crypto-Markets in Drug Trafficking
The rise of the dark web and crypto-markets has facilitated the illicit drug trade, making it easier for drug traffickers to operate across borders without detection. According to the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) Report 2023, the sale of illegal drugs on these platforms has surged, providing a new means for terrorist organizations to finance their activities. The anonymity offered by crypto-markets further complicates enforcement efforts.
4. Internet as a Tool for Terrorism
The internet serves as a powerful tool for terrorist groups to spread propaganda, recruit new members, and coordinate logistics for both drug trafficking and terror activities. In Kashmir, terrorist organizations have used social media to recruit youth, particularly after the rise of Burhan Wani in 2013, significantly increasing the scope and reach of terrorist activities.
Conclusion
The integration of drug trafficking, cyber-terrorism, and the internet has compounded India’s security challenges. To counter this, a multifaceted approach involving technological advancement, global cooperation, and strict monitoring of drug routes is essential for national security.
See lessAnalyze the relationship between transnational organized crime groups and terrorist organizations, providing two examples to illustrate your answer. ( 200 Words)
Model Answer Transnational organized crime groups and terrorist organizations have increasingly formed complex relationships that blur the lines between criminal and ideological motives. These organizations often collaborate for mutual benefits, with transnational crime groups offering logistical suRead more
Model Answer
Transnational organized crime groups and terrorist organizations have increasingly formed complex relationships that blur the lines between criminal and ideological motives. These organizations often collaborate for mutual benefits, with transnational crime groups offering logistical support, resources, and funding for terrorist activities, while terrorists provide ideological cover and operational bases for the criminals.
Nature of the Relationship
Examples
Conclusion
The relationship between transnational crime groups and terrorist organizations highlights the need for international cooperation to dismantle these networks effectively. Understanding their mutual dependence is crucial for combating global security threats.
See lessWhat is the significance of the Delhi Declaration, adopted at the 2022 special meeting of the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC), in addressing the use of new and emerging technologies for terrorist activities?( 200 Words)
Model Answer The Delhi Declaration, adopted at the 2022 special meeting of the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC), holds significant importance in addressing the challenges posed by new and emerging technologies in the context of terrorism. Here are the key aspects of its significance: UniversalitRead more
Model Answer
The Delhi Declaration, adopted at the 2022 special meeting of the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC), holds significant importance in addressing the challenges posed by new and emerging technologies in the context of terrorism. Here are the key aspects of its significance:
Universality of Threat
The declaration emphasizes that terrorism, in all its forms, poses a grave threat to international peace and security, underscoring that no country or region is immune to this menace. This universal acknowledgment is crucial for fostering a global response to terrorism .
Counter-Terrorism Opportunities
It recognizes that technological innovations can provide substantial opportunities to enhance counter-terrorism strategies and tools. This perspective encourages the integration of advanced technologies in the fight against terrorism, rather than viewing them solely as threats .
Balancing Innovation and Security
The declaration highlights the need to balance technological innovation with security measures. It stresses the importance of encouraging economic development through technology while simultaneously implementing safeguards to prevent its misuse for terrorist activities .
Collaboration with the Private Sector
A significant aspect of the declaration is its call for collaboration between government agencies and private-sector entities. This partnership is essential for addressing evolving trends in terrorism, including financing methods, as effective counter-terrorism efforts require cooperation beyond traditional governmental structures .
Enhancing Traceability and Transparency
The declaration aims to improve the traceability and transparency of financial transactions, which is vital for detecting and preventing illicit financial flows related to terrorism. Strengthening oversight and monitoring of financial activities is a key commitment outlined in the declaration .
The UN Security Council members have recognized the Delhi Declaration as a “solid basis” for countering the misuse of new technologies for terrorist purposes, reflecting a shared determination to tackle this pressing challenge.
See lessWinning of ‘Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism-affected areas is an essential step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the Government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir. (150 words)[UPSC 2023]
Introduction Winning the "hearts and minds" of people in terrorism-affected areas like Jammu and Kashmir is crucial for restoring trust and achieving peace. The Government of India has adopted various people-centric measures as part of conflict resolution to address the grievances of the populationRead more
Introduction
Winning the “hearts and minds” of people in terrorism-affected areas like Jammu and Kashmir is crucial for restoring trust and achieving peace. The Government of India has adopted various people-centric measures as part of conflict resolution to address the grievances of the population and reduce the appeal of terrorism.
Development Initiatives
The government has prioritized economic development through projects like Pradhan Mantri Development Package (PMDP), focusing on infrastructure, healthcare, and education. The recent launch of new medical colleges and road connectivity projects aims to improve the quality of life and employment opportunities, reducing local support for militancy.
Engagement with Youth
To prevent youth from being radicalized, initiatives like “Mission Youth” offer skill development, scholarships, and employment schemes. The Udaan Scheme, launched in collaboration with private companies, provides training and job placements to the youth, ensuring a constructive outlet for aspirations.
Restoring Normalcy through Dialogue
The government has initiated back-channel dialogues with local leaders and stakeholders to build trust. Additionally, cultural and sports activities have been promoted under programs like “Sports for Peace”, fostering a sense of unity and normalcy.
Conclusion
See lessWinning the “hearts and minds” in Jammu and Kashmir involves a multi-pronged approach focusing on development, engagement, and dialogue. These efforts are essential to restore trust, curb terrorism, and ensure long-term peace in the region.
The scourge of terrorism is a grave challenge to national security. What solutions do you suggest to curb this growing menace? What are the major sources of terrorist funding? (250 words) [UPSC 2017]
Terrorism as a National Security Challenge Terrorism poses one of the most significant threats to national security today. It endangers lives, disrupts social harmony, and weakens economic stability. Recent examples, such as the Pulwama attack in 2019 and the ongoing insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir,Read more
Terrorism as a National Security Challenge
Terrorism poses one of the most significant threats to national security today. It endangers lives, disrupts social harmony, and weakens economic stability. Recent examples, such as the Pulwama attack in 2019 and the ongoing insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, highlight the severe impact of terrorism on national security.
Solutions to Curb Terrorism
Major Sources of Terrorist Funding
Conclusion: Addressing terrorism requires a multi-faceted approach, combining strong security measures, financial regulation, international cooperation, and public awareness. By tackling both the operational capabilities and the funding sources of terrorist organizations, we can make significant strides in reducing the threat of terrorism to national security.
See less"Terrorism is emerging as a competitive industry over the last few decades." Analyze the above statement. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
Analyzing Terrorism as a Competitive Industry 1. Evolution of Terrorism: Over the last few decades, terrorism has indeed transformed into what can be described as a “competitive industry.” This change is marked by several key factors: Global Networks and Funding: Terrorist organizations have developRead more
Analyzing Terrorism as a Competitive Industry
1. Evolution of Terrorism: Over the last few decades, terrorism has indeed transformed into what can be described as a “competitive industry.” This change is marked by several key factors:
2. Strategic Adaptation: Terrorist organizations have adopted strategies similar to those of competitive businesses:
3. Implications: The competitive nature of terrorism has several implications:
In conclusion, the characterization of terrorism as a “competitive industry” reflects its evolving nature, marked by strategic, operational, and ideological competition. This evolution poses significant challenges to global security and counter-terrorism strategies.
See lessIndia's proximity to two of the world's biggest illicit opium-growing states has enhanced her internal security concerns. Explain the linkages between drug trafficking and other illicit activities such as gunrunning, money laundering and human trafficking. What counter-measures should be taken to prevent the same? (250 words) [UPSC 2018]
Linkages Between Drug Trafficking and Other Illicit Activities Proximity to Opium-Growing States: India's geographical location adjacent to Afghanistan and Myanmar—two of the world's largest opium-producing regions—intensifies its internal security concerns. These areas are major sources of heroin aRead more
Linkages Between Drug Trafficking and Other Illicit Activities
Proximity to Opium-Growing States:
India’s geographical location adjacent to Afghanistan and Myanmar—two of the world’s largest opium-producing regions—intensifies its internal security concerns. These areas are major sources of heroin and other narcotics that fuel drug trafficking networks operating within and beyond India’s borders.
Drug Trafficking and Gunrunning:
Drug Trafficking and Money Laundering:
Drug Trafficking and Human Trafficking:
Counter-Measures to Prevent Illicit Activities
Strengthening Border Security:
Tightening Financial Regulations:
Combating Gunrunning:
Addressing Human Trafficking:
International Cooperation:
In conclusion, India’s proximity to major opium-producing regions necessitates a multi-faceted approach to address the complex linkages between drug trafficking and other illicit activities. By strengthening border security, tightening financial regulations, combating gunrunning, addressing human trafficking, and fostering international cooperation, India can enhance its internal security and disrupt the criminal networks exploiting these linkages.
See lessAnalyze the complexity and intensity of terrorism, its causes, linkages, and obnoxious nexus. Also suggests measures required to be taken to eradicate the menace of terrorism. (250 words) [UPSC 2021]
Causes and Linkages of Terrorism: Political Discontent: Political disenfranchisement and unresolved conflicts are significant drivers of terrorism. For instance, the unresolved conflict in Kashmir has been a catalyst for terrorism, with insurgent groups exploiting local grievances. Economic InequaliRead more
Causes and Linkages of Terrorism:
Obnoxious Nexus:
Measures to Eradicate Terrorism:
By addressing these complex factors through a multi-pronged approach, the menace of terrorism can be effectively mitigated and ultimately eradicated.
See lessThe banning of ‘Jamaat-e-Islami’ in Jammu and Kashmir brought into focus the role of over-ground workers (OGWs) in assisting terrorist organizations. Examine the role played by OGWs in assisting terrorist organizations in insurgency affected areas. Discuss measures to neutralize influence of OGWs. (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
Role of Over-Ground Workers (OGWs) in Assisting Terrorist Organizations 1. Support Functions: Logistical Assistance: OGWs provide logistical support to terrorists, including safe houses, transportation, and communication. For example, in Jammu and Kashmir, OGWs have facilitated the movement and operRead more
Role of Over-Ground Workers (OGWs) in Assisting Terrorist Organizations
1. Support Functions:
2. Recruitment and Radicalization:
3. Intelligence Gathering:
Measures to Neutralize Influence of OGWs
1. Enhanced Surveillance:
2. Community Engagement:
3. Legal and Administrative Actions:
4. Rehabilitation Programs:
These measures collectively aim to disrupt the support structures for terrorist organizations and mitigate the influence of OGWs in insurgency-affected areas.
See less