Home/upsc: modern history events before 1857/Page 3
- Recent Questions
- Most Answered
- Answers
- No Answers
- Most Visited
- Most Voted
- Random
- Bump Question
- New Questions
- Sticky Questions
- Polls
- Followed Questions
- Favorite Questions
- Recent Questions With Time
- Most Answered With Time
- Answers With Time
- No Answers With Time
- Most Visited With Time
- Most Voted With Time
- Random With Time
- Bump Question With Time
- New Questions With Time
- Sticky Questions With Time
- Polls With Time
- Followed Questions With Time
- Favorite Questions With Time
Evaluate the impact of the Revolt of 1857 on the administrative and political reorganization of the British colonial rule in India.
The Impact of the Revolt of 1857: A Turning Point in British Colonial Rule Introduction: The Revolt of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, was a significant event in Indian history that had far-reaching consequences for the administrative and political reorganization of British colonial rule in InRead more
The Impact of the Revolt of 1857: A Turning Point in British Colonial Rule
Introduction: The Revolt of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, was a significant event in Indian history that had far-reaching consequences for the administrative and political reorganization of British colonial rule in India.
Administrative Reorganization:
Political Reorganization:
Recent Examples:
Key Points:
- The Revolt of 1857 was a turning point in British colonial rule: The revolt marked a significant shift in the nature of British colonial rule in India, from a company-led administration to a Crown-controlled government.
- Administrative and political reorganization: The revolt led to significant changes in the administrative and political structures of British colonial rule in India.
- Impact on Indian society: The revolt had a profound impact on Indian society, leading to changes in social dynamics, cultural identity, and economic relationships.
See lessAssess the factors that contributed to the rise of nationalist sentiment and the early manifestations of the Indian independence movement.
The Rise of Nationalist Sentiment and the Indian Independence Movement Early Nationalist Sentiment (18th-19th century): British Rule and Colonialism: The East India Company's expansion in India and the subsequent British rule created a sense of resentment and frustration among the Indian population,Read more
The Rise of Nationalist Sentiment and the Indian Independence Movement
Early Nationalist Sentiment (18th-19th century):
Early Manifestations of the Indian Independence Movement:
Key Factors:
- Economic Exploitation: British exploitation of India’s natural resources, imposition of taxes, and economic domination fueled resentment and nationalism.
- Cultural Suppression: The suppression of Indian culture, language, and traditions by the British colonial administration created a sense of cultural identity and pride.
- Social Changes: The growth of cities, urbanization, and increased literacy rates contributed to a growing awareness of national identity and the need for self-governance.
- International Influences: The influence of international events, such as the French Revolution and the Russian Revolution, inspired Indians to seek independence.
See lessEvaluate the impact of the Permanent Settlement system on the agrarian structure and its role in the emergence of a new landed gentry.
The Permanent Settlement System: A Legacy of Colonialism Definition: The Permanent Settlement system was a colonial-era policy introduced by the British East India Company in 1793 to reform the revenue administration of the Bengal region. The system aimed to stabilize the revenue system, promote agrRead more
The Permanent Settlement System: A Legacy of Colonialism
Definition: The Permanent Settlement system was a colonial-era policy introduced by the British East India Company in 1793 to reform the revenue administration of the Bengal region. The system aimed to stabilize the revenue system, promote agriculture, and reduce British interference in local governance.
Impact on Agrarian Structure:
Role in Emergence of a New Landed Gentry:
Recent Examples:
Key Points:
- Colonial Legacy: The Permanent Settlement system was a colonial legacy that continues to shape India’s agrarian structure and social hierarchy.
- Concentration of Power: The system’s emphasis on land concentration and the creation of a new class of landed gentry has led to the concentration of power and wealth among a select few.
- Social Justice: The ongoing struggles faced by farmers and agricultural workers highlight the need for social justice and equitable policies to address the legacy of colonialism.
See lessDiscuss the significance of the Battle of Plassey and its long-term consequences for the establishment of British colonial rule in India.
The Battle of Plassey: A Turning Point in Indian History Background: The Battle of Plassey, fought on June 23, 1757, was a pivotal event in the history of British colonialism in India. The battle was fought between the British East India Company (EIC) and the combined forces of Siraj-ud-Daula, the NRead more
The Battle of Plassey: A Turning Point in Indian History
Background: The Battle of Plassey, fought on June 23, 1757, was a pivotal event in the history of British colonialism in India. The battle was fought between the British East India Company (EIC) and the combined forces of Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, and Mir Jafar, a rival claimant to the throne.
Significance of the Battle:
Long-Term Consequences:
Recent Examples:
Key Points:
- Battle of Plassey was a Pivotal Event: The Battle of Plassey was a turning point in Indian history, marking the beginning of British colonial rule in India.
- Long-Term Consequences are Still Felt Today: The consequences of British colonial rule continue to shape India’s politics, economy, and society today.
- Understanding Colonial History is Crucial: It is essential to understand the complex history of colonialism in India to address contemporary issues and challenges.
See lessAnalyze the socio-economic and political factors that led to the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century.
The Decline of the Mughal Empire: A Complex Story Background: The Mughal Empire, which was founded by Babur in 1526, was one of the most powerful and prosperous empires in Indian history. However, by the 18th century, the empire began to decline, leading to its eventual disintegration. Socio-EconomiRead more
The Decline of the Mughal Empire: A Complex Story
Background: The Mughal Empire, which was founded by Babur in 1526, was one of the most powerful and prosperous empires in Indian history. However, by the 18th century, the empire began to decline, leading to its eventual disintegration.
Socio-Economic Factors:
Political Factors:
Recent Examples:
Key Points:
- Complexity of Factors: The decline of the Mughal Empire was a complex process that was driven by multiple socio-economic and political factors.
- Interconnectedness: The factors that contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire were interconnected and interdependent, making it difficult to identify a single cause.
- Catalytic Role: The external factors, such as European colonialism and Afghan invasions, played a catalytic role in accelerating the decline of the Mughal Empire.
See lessWhat combination of factors ultimately resulted in the occurrence of the Battle of Buxar?
The Battle of Buxar in 1764 was primarily triggered by political tensions and ambitions among the major powers in India during that time. Here are the key circumstances that led to the battle: 1. Political Instability: The decline of the Mughal Empire in India had led to a power vacuum, with variousRead more
The Battle of Buxar in 1764 was primarily triggered by political tensions and ambitions among the major powers in India during that time. Here are the key circumstances that led to the battle:
1. Political Instability: The decline of the Mughal Empire in India had led to a power vacuum, with various regional powers vying for dominance. The weakening of central authority allowed local rulers and European colonial powers to expand their influence.
2. British Expansion: The East India Company, representing British interests in India, had been steadily expanding its control over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. This expansion alarmed other Indian powers, particularly the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah, who was defeated by the British in the Battle of Plassey in 1757.
3. Nawab of Oudh: Shuja-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Oudh, was also a significant player in this scenario. He allied with the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II against the British, seeking to counter their growing influence.
4. Alliance Against the British: In 1763, Mir Qasim, who became the Nawab of Bengal after Siraj-ud-Daulah, formed an alliance with Shuja-ud-Daula and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II to challenge British dominance in the region.
5. Outbreak of Hostilities: Tensions escalated between the British East India Company and the coalition of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula, and Shah Alam II. The British perceived this alliance as a threat to their interests and decided to confront them militarily.
6. Battle of Buxar: The decisive battle took place on October 22, 1764, near the town of Buxar (in present-day Bihar, India). The British forces, led by Major Hector Munro, defeated the coalition forces. This victory solidified British control over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, significantly expanding their territorial and political influence in India.
The Battle of Buxar marked a turning point in British colonial expansion in India, leading to increased British dominance and influence over Indian affairs in the following decades.
See lessGiving a brief overview of the three Carnatic Wars, discuss the factors that led to the success of the British against the French in the struggle for control over India.
The Carnatic Wars were a series of military conflicts in the middle of the 18th century (1746- 1763) between the French East India Company and the British East India Company. The British conquest in these wars ultimately established their dominance over other European nations in India. The First CarRead more
The Carnatic Wars were a series of military conflicts in the middle of the 18th century (1746- 1763) between the French East India Company and the British East India Company. The British conquest in these wars ultimately established their dominance over other European nations in India.
The reasons behind the success of the British and the failure of the French in India include:
Thus, the French spent resources in India for about 40 years but were not able to realize a French empire in India while the British succeeded in doing so.
See lessThe numerous uprisings in the pre-1857 period were an indication of the rising resentment against the British rule and their policies in India. Discuss.
The colonial law and judiciary safeguarded the interest of the government and its collaborators- landlords, merchants, and moneylenders. Thus, the people left with no options, chose to take up arms and defend themselves. Similarly, the conditions of the tribal people were not different, the encroachRead more
The colonial law and judiciary safeguarded the interest of the government and its collaborators- landlords, merchants, and moneylenders. Thus, the people left with no options, chose to take up arms and defend themselves. Similarly, the conditions of the tribal people were not different, the encroachment by outsiders into their independent tribal polity made them more aggrieved and violent.
Major civil uprisings before 1857 include:
Major tribal and religious uprisings before 1857 include:
The above-mentioned uprisings alongside growing discontent amongst sepoys finally culminated into the revolt of 1857. Hence, it was not an instantaneous event, rather an amalgamation of various factors that resented the ruthless colonial rule. All these mutinies remained local and were brutally crushed by the East India Company, often inflicting terrible violence. But the legacy of these revolts proved to be of immense significance later.
See lessGive a brief account of the contributions of social reformers in eradicating the social evils prevalentin 19th century India.
Answer: The conquest of India by the British during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, exposed some serious weaknesses and drawbacks of Indian social institutions. As a consequence, several individuals and movements sought to bring about changes in the social and religious practices in order tRead more
Answer: The conquest of India by the British during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, exposed some serious weaknesses and drawbacks of Indian social institutions. As a consequence, several individuals and movements sought to bring about changes in the social and religious practices in order to reform and revitalise the society. Accordingly, the 19th century witnessed a series of reform movements in various parts of the country by social reformers, which were oriented towards a re-structuring of the Indian society along modern lines, including:
Thus, what brought about the urge for reform was the need to rejuvenate the society and its institutions in the wake of colonial conquest. This aspect of the reform movement, however, introduced an element of revivalism, a tendency to harp on the Indian past and to defend Indian culture and civilization. However, despite the fact that some of these movements imparted a conservative and retrogressive character, they played an important role in awakening cultural consciousness and boosting the confidence of the people.
See lessEnumerate the reasons which led to the introduction of the Permanent Settlement system. Also, discuss its consequences.
Answer: The Permanent Settlement was a land revenue system introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Under this system, the company's share in the revenue was fixed permanently with the Zamindars who were made hereditary owners of the lands under their possession. Reasons beRead more
Answer: The Permanent Settlement was a land revenue system introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Under this system, the company’s share in the revenue was fixed permanently with the Zamindars who were made hereditary owners of the lands under their possession. Reasons behind introduction of the Permanent Settlement System:
However, the introduction of the permanent settlement system had far-reaching consequences:
Permanent settlement did more harm than good to Indian agriculture. It led to impoverishment of the peasantry and rural indebtedness and eventually became one of the contributing factors of agricultural crises including famines in and around Bengal.
See less