Examine the elements that influenced the emergence of nationalist sentiment and the early expressions of the Indian independence movement.
The battle of Buxar was one of the most important war happened in the history of India. The battle of Buxar was fought between 22nd and 23rd October, 1764. this war fought between the East Indian company forces under the command of Major HECTOR MUNRO against the combined army of Banaras, Awadh and BRead more
The battle of Buxar was one of the most important war happened in the history of India. The battle of Buxar was fought between 22nd and 23rd October, 1764. this war fought between the East Indian company forces under the command of Major HECTOR MUNRO against the combined army of Banaras, Awadh and Bengal. At the time of the war the Maharaja of BANARAS was Balwanat Singh, The Nawab of Bengal was Mir Qasim, The Nawab of Awadh was Shuja- ud- Daula and Shah Alam II, Emperor of Mughal Empire.. They combine d their army against the army of East India company.
There were many reason behind the battle of Buxar. In this answer we will only talk about the political aspects of the Battle of Buxar:-
Political Power Struggles: The Mughal Empire was in decline, and regional powers like the Nawabs of Bengal and Awadh were trying to assert their independence and power in their respective regions. The British East India Company, on the other hand, was expanding its influence and control over various parts of India, including Bengal.
Conflict over AuthorityanThe British and the Indian rulers clashed over issues of authority and sovereignty. The Nawab of Bengal, Mir Qasim, had grievances against the British for interfering in his administration and for their economic policies that harmed local interests. There were so many conflicts among the states and the British for the power and trade. After sometime the British company also interfere in the administration of the states. Which the Battle of Buxar.
Immediate Triggers: The immediate cause of the Battle of Buxar was the refusal of the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, the Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula, and the Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim to accept the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), which granted the East India Company the diwani rights (the right to collect revenue) in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. This refusal led to the outbreak of hostilities. The misuse of Diwani rights by the British during trade also cause this battle.
After the battle of Buxar The British east India got the right to collect the taxes from Bengal and Bihar. After the battle the East India company abolished the local rule and took control all over the Bengal and Bihar province. The lack of unity within the states was made easier for British to rule over the states.
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Indian Independence movement began to take shape in its nascent form during the early part of the 18th and 19th centuries before developing into a mass movement in the 20th century. Factors for rise of national sentiment and early manifestation of Indian Independence movement includes: Political disRead more
Indian Independence movement began to take shape in its nascent form during the early part of the 18th and 19th centuries before developing into a mass movement in the 20th century.
Factors for rise of national sentiment and early manifestation of Indian Independence movement includes:
- Political disintegration: British policies such as Doctrine of Lapse displaced the local rulers and disturbed political loyalties and alliances. This created distrust and disaffection towards the British.
- Social disharmony: The indiscriminate destruction of the Indian justice systems and perpetuating decay of religious systems led to destruction of social fabric.
- Economic distress: The agriculture productivity decreased and exploitative revenue and taxation policies of the colonisers impoverished the agriculturalists.
- Cultural alienation: English language was promoted in education and employment replacing local languages which led to loss of indigenous knowledge systems and cultural identities.
- Influential leaders: Leaders such as Raja Rammohun Roy, Maharani Laxmi Bai, Tantya Tope, etc. emerged on to the national scene to awaken the conscience of the Indian people.
- Inspiration from abroad: The French Revolution and European Revolutions of 1848, inspired generation of people to struggle for their rights. Also, the rise of Japan gave confidence to Indians.
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