Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce the concept of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as collaborative agreements between the government and private entities for the financing, construction, and operation of infrastructure projects. Mention the importance of PPPs in addressing India’s infrastructure needs, especially given ...
Model Answer Prospects of Inland Waterways in India Reduction in Transportation Cost: Inland waterways offer a cost-effective alternative to road and rail transport. According to a study, one liter of fuel can move 24 tons of cargo for 1 km on roads, 95 km on rail, and 215 km on inland waterways, hiRead more
Model Answer
Prospects of Inland Waterways in India
- Reduction in Transportation Cost: Inland waterways offer a cost-effective alternative to road and rail transport. According to a study, one liter of fuel can move 24 tons of cargo for 1 km on roads, 95 km on rail, and 215 km on inland waterways, highlighting the cost-effectiveness of water transport.
- Environmentally Friendly: Waterways reduce road congestion and vehicular pollution by transporting goods across rivers and canals, easing the burden on highways. This shift not only benefits the environment but also enhances road safety.
- Boost Economic Integration: Integrating inland waterways with national projects like the Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) and the Sagarmala Project facilitates the smooth exchange of goods across transport modes. This connectivity can stimulate economic growth by connecting remote regions, such as the North-Eastern states, to global trade routes. The Kaladan Multi-Modal Project is a notable example, offering a more efficient route to the region.
- Multiplier Effect and Linkages: Investment in inland waterways fosters growth across sectors, including port development, boat-building, and ancillary industries, creating jobs and enhancing regional development.
Challenges of Inland Waterways in India
- Lack of Continuous Connectivity: While the waterway network spans across 15,000 km, it lacks continuous connectivity. For instance, in 2018, a cargo vessel got stuck near Ramrekha Ghat in Bihar due to shallow waters, highlighting the inconsistent navigability of certain routes.
- Inadequate Water Channel Depth: Many national waterways suffer from insufficient depth, especially due to siltation and seasonal variations, making them unsuitable for large vessels. Approximately 20 out of the 111 identified waterways are deemed unviable for regular use.
- High Turnaround Time: The absence of efficient material handling equipment and inadequate terminal facilities at key ports results in slow cargo evacuation, leading to congestion and high turnaround times.
In conclusion, while inland waterways have substantial potential in reducing costs and enhancing economic integration, addressing connectivity, depth issues, and port infrastructure is crucial for realizing their full potential.
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Model Answer Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are collaborative agreements between the government and private sector entities aimed at financing, building, and operating infrastructure projects. This model plays a vital role in India's infrastructure development: Mobilizing Funding: PPPs attract pRead more
Model Answer
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are collaborative agreements between the government and private sector entities aimed at financing, building, and operating infrastructure projects. This model plays a vital role in India’s infrastructure development:
Challenges with PPPs
Despite their advantages, PPPs are not a universal solution to all infrastructure challenges:
In conclusion, while PPPs play a crucial role in infrastructure development, their success depends on careful project selection, robust regulation, and aligning with public interests and sustainability goals.
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