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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly explain the current FDI landscape in India, highlighting that 100% FDI is allowed in non-news media while news media is capped at 26%. State the significance of the proposal to increase FDI in news media. Body Pros of Increasing ...
Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Purpose: Introduce the significance of cabinet size in government functioning. Thesis Statement: Present the argument that while a larger cabinet may enhance representation, it could inversely affect government efficacy due to coordination challenges. 2. Body A. Context of Cabinet ...
Model Answer Introduction The size of a cabinet is crucial in determining the efficacy of a government. It is often argued that the cabinet should be as large as necessary to manage governmental work effectively and as manageable as the Prime Minister can oversee. However, the relationship between cRead more
The size of a cabinet is crucial in determining the efficacy of a government. It is often argued that the cabinet should be as large as necessary to manage governmental work effectively and as manageable as the Prime Minister can oversee. However, the relationship between cabinet size and government efficacy is complex and multifaceted.
A larger cabinet can enhance decision-making by incorporating diverse perspectives, which is particularly important in a multicultural society like India. For instance, during the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government from 2004 to 2014, a larger cabinet was formed to accommodate various coalition partners, ensuring representation from different regions and social groups. This inclusivity potentially led to more comprehensive policy-making, as each minister could focus on specific areas of governance.
Despite these advantages, a larger cabinet can hinder efficiency. As the number of ministers increases, coordination becomes more challenging, leading to blurred responsibilities and delayed decision-making. Historical examples illustrate this point: the first cabinet of independent India, led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, consisted of only 15 ministers, allowing for swift and effective decision-making during a critical period. In contrast, larger cabinets, such as those during the United Front government in the mid-1990s, were often criticized for their sluggishness and inefficiency.
The 91st Amendment to the Constitution of India, enacted in 2003, sought to address the issue of oversized cabinets by limiting the total number of ministers to 15% of the Lok Sabha’s total membership, reflecting a recognition of the need for balance between representation and efficiency.
In conclusion, while a larger cabinet can promote inclusivity and representation, it may also lead to inefficiencies that undermine government efficacy. The ideal cabinet size should strike a balance between these competing needs, as evidenced by Narendra Modi’s first term (2014-2019), where a smaller cabinet was able to function effectively. Ultimately, the relationship between cabinet size and government efficacy is influenced by various factors, including political context and the Prime Minister’s leadership style.
See lessRoadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Purpose: Introduce the role of the President in granting pardons and commuting sentences under Article 72 of the Indian Constitution. Thesis Statement: State that the lack of a specified time limit for deciding mercy petitions has led ...
Model Answer Introduction The President of India holds the constitutional authority to grant pardons and commute sentences under Article 72 of the Indian Constitution. However, the absence of a specified time limit for deciding mercy petitions has led to significant delays, often resulting in publicRead more
The President of India holds the constitutional authority to grant pardons and commute sentences under Article 72 of the Indian Constitution. However, the absence of a specified time limit for deciding mercy petitions has led to significant delays, often resulting in public outcry and debates about justice, particularly in cases involving death sentences.
One of the primary arguments for establishing a time limit is the right to speedy justice, which is enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution. Delays in deciding mercy petitions can infringe upon this right, leaving convicts in a state of uncertainty and distress.
Long delays can exacerbate the mental anguish experienced by convicts awaiting a decision on their fate, a phenomenon often referred to as the “death row phenomenon.” This psychological toll raises ethical concerns about the prolonged suffering of individuals facing execution.
Opponents of a time limit argue that cases involving capital punishment are inherently complex and require thorough consideration. The decision to grant a pardon or commute a death sentence carries irreversible consequences, necessitating adequate time for review.
Additionally, the political ramifications of mercy petitions can be significant. Imposing a time limit may rush the decision-making process, potentially leading to hasty conclusions that do not fully consider the nuances of each case.
The case of Devender Pal Singh Bhullar, whose mercy petition was pending for over eight years before rejection, exemplifies the issue of delay. The Supreme Court of India ruled in 2014 that inordinate delays in deciding mercy petitions could be grounds for commutation of a death sentence, highlighting the need for timely justice.
While the need for speedy justice and alleviating the suffering of convicts is paramount, it is equally important to allow sufficient time for comprehensive case reviews. A balanced approach, possibly through the establishment of guidelines for reasonable timeframes, could help address these competing concerns without imposing rigid requirements.
See lessRoadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Define the Indian Party System: Briefly explain what the Indian party system entails and its significance in a democratic setup. State the Thesis: Mention that the system is undergoing a transitional phase characterized by contradictions and paradoxes. Body 1. Rise ...
Model Answer Introduction The Indian party system, characterized by its diverse political landscape, is currently navigating a phase of transition filled with complexities. This evolution reflects the dynamic nature of India’s democracy and the multifaceted forces at play within its political institRead more
The Indian party system, characterized by its diverse political landscape, is currently navigating a phase of transition filled with complexities. This evolution reflects the dynamic nature of India’s democracy and the multifaceted forces at play within its political institutions.
In recent years, regional parties have gained significant traction, often addressing local aspirations and identities. For instance, the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) gained prominence in Delhi, while the Trinamool Congress (TMC) emerged as a powerful force in West Bengal. Although these parties promote federalism by giving voice to regional concerns, they can also lead to fragmentation within the political landscape, complicating national governance (Source: Chhibber, P., & Kollman, K. (2004). The Formation of National Party Systems).
The shift in the dominance of national parties is another hallmark of this transitional phase. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has emerged as the preeminent national party, particularly evident in the 2014 and 2019 general elections, where it significantly weakened the long-standing reign of the Indian National Congress (INC). This change reflects a broader realignment in Indian politics, showcasing the complexities of party loyalty and voter behavior (Source: Kumar, A. (2020). Electoral Politics in India: The New Normal).
The landscape of coalition politics is yet another paradox. The formation of alliances, such as the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), mirrors the diversity of Indian society. However, it also poses challenges for political stability, as coalition partners often have conflicting agendas and priorities (Source: Jaffrelot, C. (2019). The BJP: The Rise of Hindu Nationalism in India).
Lastly, the role of social media in shaping political narratives cannot be overlooked. The BJP’s effective use of social media during elections illustrates its power in mobilizing support. However, this also raises concerns about misinformation and the overall quality of political discourse, highlighting a paradox in modern political engagement (Source: Sharma, K. (2021). Social Media and Political Communication in India).
As India’s democracy evolves, it is imperative to confront these contradictions and paradoxes to ensure the stability and integrity of its political system while accommodating the diverse aspirations of its citizens.
See lessRoadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Definition: Introduce the Attorney-General as a constitutional position in India. Constitutional Basis: Mention Article 76 of the Indian Constitution. Body 1. Appointment and Qualifications Appointment: Appointed by the President of India. Qualifications: Must be a citizen of India. Distinguished jurist, or: Judge of a High Court ...
Model Answer Introduction The Attorney-General of India is a constitutional position established under Article 76 of the Indian Constitution. As the highest law officer in the country, the Attorney-General serves as the chief legal adviser to the Government of India, representing it in various legalRead more
The Attorney-General of India is a constitutional position established under Article 76 of the Indian Constitution. As the highest law officer in the country, the Attorney-General serves as the chief legal adviser to the Government of India, representing it in various legal matters and providing crucial legal guidance.
The Attorney-General is appointed by the President of India and must meet specific qualifications akin to those required for a Supreme Court judge. This includes being a citizen of India, a distinguished jurist, or having served as a judge of a High Court for a minimum of five years, or as an advocate of a High Court for at least ten years (Source: The Constitution of India, Article 76).
A significant role of the Attorney-General is to provide legal advice to the President, the Council of Ministers, and other governmental authorities on various legal matters, including those of national and international importance.
The Attorney-General represents the Government of India in legal proceedings before the Supreme Court and High Courts, as well as other courts where the government is a party (Source: The Constitution of India, Article 76).
This role also encompasses the drafting and reviewing of essential legal documents such as bills, ordinances, and international treaties on behalf of the government.
The Attorney-General can attend sessions of both Houses of Parliament and participate in proceedings without a voting right. Additionally, they can be requested by the President to provide references to the Supreme Court under Article 143 for opinions on legal questions of public significance.
While the Attorney-General advises the government, they must retain a degree of independence and act in the nation’s best interests. Importantly, they hold no executive powers and cannot represent private parties against the Government of India or defend criminal cases.
Despite certain limitations, the Attorney-General plays a vital role in ensuring the lawful functioning of the government and safeguarding the legal interests of the nation. Their expertise is crucial in navigating complex legal landscapes and reinforcing the rule of law in India.
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Model Answer Introduction The debate surrounding the increase of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indian news media is significant, especially as the current cap stands at 26%, compared to 100% in non-news sectors. This proposal carries potential advantages and disadvantages. Pros of Increasing FDRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The debate surrounding the increase of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indian news media is significant, especially as the current cap stands at 26%, compared to 100% in non-news sectors. This proposal carries potential advantages and disadvantages.
Pros of Increasing FDI in News Media
Cons of Increasing FDI in News Media
Conclusion
While increasing FDI in Indian news media could enhance technological capabilities and financial stability, it is crucial to address potential risks to editorial independence and cultural integrity. A balanced approach with robust regulatory frameworks is essential to harness the benefits of foreign investment while safeguarding the sector’s autonomy.
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