For a very long period, insurgency has plagued India’s northeast area. Examine the main causes of the armed insurgency’s continued existence in this area (150 words) [UPSC 2017]
Model Answer Introduction The drive for developing large industries in India’s backward regions, while aimed at economic progress, has marginalized tribal communities and farmers, leading to significant displacement, especially in areas like Malkangiri and Naxalbari. This has intensified the challenRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The drive for developing large industries in India’s backward regions, while aimed at economic progress, has marginalized tribal communities and farmers, leading to significant displacement, especially in areas like Malkangiri and Naxalbari. This has intensified the challenges posed by Left Wing Extremism (LWE).
Backdrop of LWE
Left Wing Extremism, rooted in the Naxalbari uprising of 1967, seeks to address perceived societal injustices. The movement thrives in regions where developmental initiatives have displaced marginalized communities. Although there was a 76% reduction in LWE violence in 2022 compared to 2010, the impact remains substantial, highlighting the need for effective corrective strategies.
Unintended Consequences of Development
- Displacement and Marginalization:
Large industrial projects often lead to the physical displacement of tribal populations and farmers, resulting in cultural and economic dislocation. - Rise of LWE:
Disillusionment among these communities has been exploited by LWE factions, portraying the state and industries as oppressors while promising a more equitable social order.
Strategies to Mainstream LWE-Affected Citizens
- Inclusive Development:
Development initiatives must be participatory, involving tribal communities and farmers as stakeholders rather than mere victims. - Robust Rehabilitation and Compensation:
Displaced individuals should receive comprehensive rehabilitation packages that ensure cultural and occupational restoration, not just financial compensation. - Empower Local Governance:
Strengthening local self-governance institutions like Panchayats can help counter LWE narratives by giving communities a stake in governance. - Education and Skill Development:
Tailored educational initiatives and skill development programs can empower youth, fostering a sense of future within the mainstream economy. - Dialogue and Reconciliation:
Establishing open channels of communication with LWE groups emphasizes dialogue over confrontation, addressing real or perceived grievances. - Promote Local Entrepreneurship:
Supporting local businesses and youth-led startups instills a sense of ownership in economic growth. - Ecological and Sustainable Initiatives:
Development projects should prioritize ecological sustainability, preserving the natural resources vital to tribal communities.
Conclusion
To achieve holistic and inclusive growth in India, it is essential to address the root causes of movements like LWE. By ensuring that developmental initiatives are participatory and reflective of community needs, India can pave the way for a harmonious and prosperous future.
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Model Answer Introduction The North-Eastern region of India has been plagued by armed insurgency for an extended period. This persistence can be attributed to a complex interplay of socio-economic, political, and geographical factors that continue to fuel unrest. Major Reasons for the Survival of ArRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The North-Eastern region of India has been plagued by armed insurgency for an extended period. This persistence can be attributed to a complex interplay of socio-economic, political, and geographical factors that continue to fuel unrest.
Major Reasons for the Survival of Armed Insurgency
A. Ethnic Diversity and Identity Politics
The North-East is home to a rich tapestry of ethnic groups, each with distinct identities and aspirations. This diversity has often led to identity-based conflicts, where various groups demand autonomy or even separate statehood. For instance, the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) and other groups have emerged from these identity struggles, seeking recognition and rights for their communities.
B. Economic Backwardness
The region suffers from significant economic challenges, including underdevelopment and limited job opportunities. This marginalization creates dissatisfaction among the youth, making them susceptible to recruitment by insurgent groups. According to the NITI Aayog, the North-East has some of the lowest socio-economic indicators in India, contributing to a fertile ground for insurgency.
C. Geographical Isolation
Geographical factors further complicate the situation. The region’s difficult terrain and porous international borders hinder effective governance and law enforcement. This isolation allows insurgents to operate with relative impunity, making it challenging for state authorities to maintain control.
D. Cross-border Support
Some insurgent groups reportedly receive support from neighboring countries, including shelter, training, and arms. This external backing sustains their operations and complicates the efforts of Indian security forces to neutralize these threats.
E. Weak Law and Order Machinery
A lack of adequate policing and surveillance often allows insurgents to evade capture. The insufficient presence of security forces in remote areas further emboldens insurgent activities.
Conclusion
The persistence of armed insurgency in the North-East region is a multifaceted issue rooted in the region’s unique socio-economic and political context. To address this enduring problem, an integrated approach that includes political dialogue, socio-economic development, improved law enforcement, and stronger interstate relations is essential.
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