Sign Up

Have an account?

Sign In

Don't have account,

Forgot Password

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.


Have an account?

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask a question.

Need An Account,

Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.

Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.

Search
Ask A Question
Home/upsc: elderly

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Aadhav Murthy
  • 2
Aadhav MurthyLearner
Asked: July 12, 2024In:
  • 2

Senior citizen social security is still in its infancy. Analyze critically?

upsc: elderly
  1. Dolly Mehara
    Dolly Mehara Learner

    As per the report “Caring for Our Elders” by UNFPA India’s old age population( above 60) would grow from 8.6% in 2011 to 19% ( around 300 million) by 2050. This means India has to ensure healthy ageing with policy measures during this current beneficial period of demographic dividend. Social securitRead more

    As per the report “Caring for Our Elders” by UNFPA India’s old age population( above 60) would grow from 8.6% in 2011 to 19% ( around 300 million) by 2050. This means India has to ensure healthy ageing with policy measures during this current beneficial period of demographic dividend. Social security could be said as the legislative or executive measure to support the vulnerable sections of society and is enshrined in Indian Directive Principles of State policy. Article 41 explicitly mentions the need to provide public assistance to the old age. Various initiatives have been taken to provide social security to the Indian senior citizens especially during this period of more Nuclear family and rural-Urban migration.

    Major Schemes For Senior Citizens

    1. Integrated Programme for older persons (IPOP) :Improve the quality of life of the Older Persons & capacity building of Government / NGOs / PRIs etc.
    2. Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) :Part of National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) – Provision of Rs.200/month for age 60-79 & Rs.500/month for age 80 & above.
    3. Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana (RVY) : Provision of aids and assistive living devices are provided to senior citizens belonging to BPL category.
    4. Varishtha Pension Bima Yojana ( (PMVVY): Varishtha Pension Bima Yojana (VPBY) is a scheme for the benefit of senior citizens aged 60 years and above. The scheme provides pension in the form of immediate annuity during the lifetime of the pensioner with the return of purchase price to the family/nominee on his/her death. Another variant of the old-age pension scheme is Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana, which provides an assured rate of return to senior citizens who are 60 and above.
    5. National Programme for the Health Care of Elderly (NPHCE) :To provide dedicated health facilities in district hospitals, community health centres (CHC), PHC etc.
    6. Senior Citizens’ Welfare Fund (SCWF): It has been established under the Finance Act, 2015, to be utilized for such schemes for the promotion of the welfare of senior citizens, in line with the National Policy on Older Persons.
    7. Legislations like Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act(MWPSC), 2007, which was enacted to provide financial security, welfare and protection for senior citizens. It requires children to provide maintenance for their parents, and the government to provide old age homes and ensure medical care for senior citizens.

    Many of these schemes have improved the social perception about the need for senior citizen welfare. Also, schemes like IPOP have created an integrated chain of old-age care homes and NGO groupings across India. Creation of SCWF has allowed the utilization of unclaimed deposits of Public Provident Fund for senior citizens welfare. But despite these many schemes the social security of senior citizens in India is well below what’s needed and very much in the nascent stage.

    Social Security Of Senior Citizens In Nascent Stage

    A recent survey by Agewell Research and Advocacy Centre for the United Nations showed that around 51% of respondents were not satisfied with the overall status of social security schemes for the elderly in India. Around 53% of the elderly find it difficult in utilizing the social security schemes and 79% found these are not sufficient to meet their basic needs, which shows the amateur approach of addressing the old age population.

    1. Insufficient Support: The allocation of IGNOAPS of Rs.200/500/month is highly underrated considering the inflation across period and living conditions.
    2. The Ministry of Social Justice : Which is the nodal ministry for senior citizen welfare is one among the ministries whose funds are most underutilised. Despite very less budgetary allocations compared to other ministries, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Social Justice and Empowerment recently found the ministry spending only 66.58 per cent of the funds allocated.
    3. Urban Bias in schemes: Most old age schemes are oriented to urban areas, as the old age homes are spread across urban areas. This is despite more than 65% population living in rural areas.
    4. Poor palliative set up in hospitals: The ideals mentioned in schemes like National Programme for the Health Care of Elderly (NPHCE) are poorly implemented in the grassroots level. Poor infrastructure facilities in rural hospitals offer no respite to old age.
    5. Not addressing the “ Feminisation” of old age: Most of the schemes are gender-neutral and this marginalises the increasing female old age population.
    6. Bureaucratisation of schemes: Despite initiating reforms like Aadhaar enabled Bank accounts, DBT through JAM trinity, there are many cases of exclusion of old age due to complex procedures. For example, an instance of a woman in Odisha pulling her paralyzed mother in a cot to the bank to verify her account.
    7. Generic medical facilities: Not addressing the rising Non Communicable diseases among old age population.
    8. Rising Mental issues and social isolation are addressed in policy spheres. Most of the policy documents are silent on the aspect of utilising the rich experience of the old age population.
    9. Randomisation of selections of scheme beneficiary: Most of the schemes like RVY are appropriated by the well to do category .
    10. Lack of awareness of schemes: Most of the rural citizens are only aware of the IGNOAPS and not of any other rights like MWPSC Act and other benefits.
    11. Schemes not tailored for suiting the illiterate and non-technocratic masses.
    12. By the end of the 2050s, India’s beneficial demographic dividend will be closing and the rising old age population will be a reality. This category of citizens needs a holistic policy with visionary guidelines and sufficient funding to make our governance structure ready for it. States like Kerala, Tamilnadu which have good rural and primary health facilities are initiating coordinated Geriatric care which is a welcome initiative.

    There needs to be a re-modelling of existing schemes and laws. Old age welfare by social security should not be accorded a peripheral position in the governance sphere and a Centre-state continuous discussion forum is needed. Recent amendments to Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens (Amendment) Bill, 2019 is a welcome initiative.

    See less
Rahul Agarwal
  • 0
Rahul AgarwalBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In:
  • 0

Talk about the plight of older people from underrepresented groups, such as racial and religious minorities, and evaluate the measures taken by the government to guarantee that they have fair access to social programs and services.

upsc: elderly
  1. Arnav Dutta
    Arnav Dutta Begginer

    Elderly persons from marginalized communities, including tribal and religious minorities, often face compounded challenges that affect their access to welfare schemes and services. Here's an examination of their situation and an assessment of government efforts to ensure equitable access: SituationRead more

    Elderly persons from marginalized communities, including tribal and religious minorities, often face compounded challenges that affect their access to welfare schemes and services. Here’s an examination of their situation and an assessment of government efforts to ensure equitable access:

    Situation of Elderly Persons from Marginalized Communities:
    Social Exclusion and Marginalization:

    Limited Social Support: Elderly individuals from marginalized communities may experience social isolation due to language barriers, cultural differences, and discrimination.
    Lack of Family Support: In some cases, elderly persons may not receive adequate support from their families due to economic constraints or migration of younger generations to urban areas.
    Healthcare Access:

    Barriers to Healthcare: Access to healthcare services can be limited due to geographic remoteness, lack of transportation, and inadequate healthcare facilities in tribal and remote areas.
    Health Disparities: Elderly individuals from marginalized communities often face higher rates of chronic illnesses, malnutrition, and mental health issues compared to the general population.
    Economic Challenges:

    Limited Economic Opportunities: Many elderly persons from marginalized communities rely on precarious livelihoods such as subsistence farming or informal labor, which do not provide adequate financial security in old age.
    Pension and Social Security: Access to pension schemes and social security benefits may be limited or non-existent for elderly individuals who lack proper documentation or are unaware of their entitlements.
    Cultural and Gender Norms:

    Gender Inequality: Elderly women from marginalized communities, in particular, may face greater vulnerabilities due to intersecting factors of age, gender, and socio-economic status.
    Traditional Practices: Cultural norms and practices within marginalized communities may influence caregiving roles and access to resources, impacting the well-being of elderly individuals.
    Government Efforts to Ensure Equitable Access:
    Social Welfare Schemes:

    Targeted Programs: Governments have initiated targeted welfare schemes aimed at providing financial assistance, healthcare support, and social security benefits to elderly persons from marginalized communities.
    Inclusive Policies: Efforts are made to include provisions that cater specifically to the needs of marginalized elderly individuals, such as special pension schemes and healthcare subsidies.
    Healthcare Initiatives:

    Health Camps and Mobile Clinics: Governments organize health camps and mobile healthcare units to reach elderly individuals in remote and tribal areas, providing essential medical services and screenings.
    Training of Healthcare Workers: Training programs are implemented to educate healthcare providers on cultural sensitivity and the unique health challenges faced by elderly persons from marginalized communities.
    Education and Awareness:

    Information Campaigns: Government campaigns raise awareness among elderly individuals and their families about available welfare schemes, entitlements, and how to access services.
    Community Engagement: Collaborative efforts with community leaders and local organizations help disseminate information and encourage participation in government programs.
    Legal and Policy Frameworks:

    Legal Protections: Governments enact and enforce laws that protect the rights of elderly persons, including those from marginalized communities, against discrimination, abuse, and neglect.
    Policy Review and Adaptation: Regular review and adaptation of policies ensure that they remain responsive to the evolving needs and challenges faced by elderly individuals in marginalized communities.
    Challenges and Areas for Improvement:
    Resource Allocation: Limited funding and resources allocated to welfare programs and healthcare infrastructure in remote and tribal areas pose challenges in providing consistent and quality services.

    Cultural Sensitivity: Ensuring that government initiatives respect and incorporate cultural norms and practices of marginalized communities is crucial for effective implementation and acceptance.

    Capacity Building: Strengthening the capacity of local administrations, healthcare providers, and community organizations to effectively deliver and monitor welfare services is essential for sustainable impact.

    Conclusion:
    Elderly persons from marginalized communities, such as tribal and religious minorities, face significant challenges related to social exclusion, healthcare access, economic security, and cultural norms. Government efforts to ensure their equitable access to welfare schemes and services play a vital role in addressing these disparities. By implementing targeted programs, enhancing healthcare infrastructure, promoting awareness, and respecting cultural sensitivities, governments can improve the quality of life for elderly individuals in marginalized communities and uphold their rights to dignity and well-being in their later years.

    See less
Saurabh Soni
  • 0
Saurabh SoniLearner
Asked: July 18, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine the government’s efforts to address the challenges of rural-urban migration, lack of social security, and changing family structures as they all contribute to the elderly’s increased vulnerability in India.

upsc: elderly
  1. Vaibhav Mishra
    Vaibhav Mishra Begginer

    The increasing vulnerability of the elderly in India is influenced by several factors, including changes in family structure, rural-urban migration, and the lack of social security. Here’s a detailed discussion of these factors and an assessment of the government's efforts to address the associatedRead more

    The increasing vulnerability of the elderly in India is influenced by several factors, including changes in family structure, rural-urban migration, and the lack of social security. Here’s a detailed discussion of these factors and an assessment of the government’s efforts to address the associated issues:

    Factors Contributing to the Vulnerability of the Elderly

    1. Changing Family Structure:
      • Nuclear Families: The traditional joint family system is gradually being replaced by nuclear families due to urbanization and changing societal norms. This shift often leads to reduced family support for elderly members, as younger generations move out for better employment opportunities or personal reasons.
      • Reduced Caregiving: In nuclear families, elderly individuals may experience decreased caregiving and support, leading to increased dependency on external assistance and services.
    2. Rural-Urban Migration:
      • Migration Trends: Rural-urban migration is a significant trend in India, with younger people moving to urban areas in search of better job opportunities and living standards. This migration often leaves elderly parents behind in rural areas, where they may face isolation and limited access to resources.
      • Isolation: Elderly individuals remaining in rural areas may experience social isolation and face challenges in accessing healthcare, social services, and community support.
    3. Lack of Social Security:
      • Inadequate Pension Systems: Many elderly persons, especially those from informal sectors or without formal employment history, do not have access to adequate pension schemes or retirement benefits. This lack of financial security can lead to economic vulnerability.
      • Limited Social Safety Nets: Social safety nets for the elderly, such as old age homes and welfare programs, may be insufficient or inadequately funded, leaving many elderly individuals without adequate support.

    Assessment of Government Efforts to Address These Issues

    1. Government Initiatives:
      • Pension Schemes: The government has implemented pension schemes such as the Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) and the National Pension System (NPS) for senior citizens. These schemes aim to provide financial support to elderly individuals, especially those from economically weaker sections.
      • Healthcare Programs: Initiatives like the National Health Protection Scheme and various state-level health programs aim to improve access to healthcare services for elderly persons, including subsidized or free medical care.
      • Old Age Homes and Welfare Programs: The government supports the establishment and maintenance of old age homes and provides funding for senior citizens’ welfare programs, including financial assistance and basic amenities.
    2. Strengths of Government Efforts:
      • Policy Framework: The development of policies and schemes specifically targeting elderly care demonstrates a commitment to addressing their needs. Programs like IGNOAPS provide crucial financial support.
      • Healthcare Access: The expansion of healthcare programs helps improve access to medical services for elderly individuals, potentially addressing issues related to healthcare access and affordability.
    3. Challenges and Gaps:
      • Implementation Issues: There are often challenges in the effective implementation of pension schemes and welfare programs, including delays in disbursement, bureaucratic hurdles, and lack of awareness among beneficiaries.
      • Coverage Limitations: Many elderly persons, especially those from informal sectors or rural areas, may not fully benefit from existing pension schemes or social security programs due to gaps in coverage or eligibility criteria.
      • Resource Constraints: Limited funding and resources can impact the quality and availability of old-age homes, healthcare services, and other support mechanisms for the elderly.

    Recommendations for Improvement

    1. Enhance Pension Coverage: Expand and improve pension schemes to cover a broader range of elderly individuals, including those from informal sectors and rural areas. Ensure timely and efficient disbursement of benefits.
    2. Strengthen Social Safety Nets: Invest in the development and maintenance of old-age homes and other support services. Increase funding and resources to ensure adequate care and support for elderly individuals.
    3. Improve Healthcare Services: Enhance access to healthcare for elderly persons, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Implement programs that provide subsidized or free medical care and improve the availability of healthcare facilities.
    4. Address Social Isolation: Develop community-based programs and support networks to reduce social isolation among the elderly. Encourage community engagement and support for elderly individuals living in rural areas.
    5. Promote Awareness and Accessibility: Increase awareness of available government schemes and services among elderly persons and their families. Simplify access to services and assist with navigating bureaucratic processes.

    Conclusion

    The increasing vulnerability of the elderly in India is influenced by changing family dynamics, rural-urban migration, and insufficient social security. While the government has made efforts to address these issues through various programs and policies, challenges in implementation, coverage, and resource allocation remain. By addressing these challenges and building on existing efforts, the government can better support the elderly, ensuring their financial security, healthcare access, and overall well-being.

    See less
Aadhav Murthy
  • 0
Aadhav MurthyLearner
Asked: July 18, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine the circumstances surrounding older people with disabilities, who encounter intersectional barriers while trying to access social assistance, healthcare, and rehabilitation programs. Also, assess the government’s initiatives to meet their unique requirements.

upsc: elderly
  1. Mihir Jain
    Mihir Jain Begginer

    Elderly persons with disabilities face a complex array of challenges that are compounded by their intersecting identities and needs. Their situation requires a nuanced approach to ensure they have adequate access to healthcare, rehabilitation, and social welfare schemes. Here's an analysis of theirRead more

    Elderly persons with disabilities face a complex array of challenges that are compounded by their intersecting identities and needs. Their situation requires a nuanced approach to ensure they have adequate access to healthcare, rehabilitation, and social welfare schemes. Here’s an analysis of their situation and an evaluation of the government’s efforts:

    Situation of Elderly Persons with Disabilities
    Healthcare Access:

    Barrier to Services: Elderly individuals with disabilities often face barriers such as physical inaccessibility of healthcare facilities, inadequate transportation, and lack of tailored medical care.
    Complex Health Needs: They may have multiple, chronic health conditions that require integrated and specialized care, which can be difficult to manage within existing healthcare systems.
    Rehabilitation Services:

    Limited Availability: Access to appropriate rehabilitation services can be limited, particularly in rural or underserved areas. There may be a lack of specialized professionals and facilities.
    High Costs: Rehabilitation services can be expensive and not always covered by insurance or social welfare schemes, making them inaccessible for many elderly individuals with disabilities.
    Social Welfare Schemes:

    Inadequate Coverage: Social welfare schemes may not always adequately address the specific needs of elderly persons with disabilities, such as personalized care or adaptive equipment.
    Complex Application Processes: The application processes for welfare schemes can be complex and difficult for elderly persons with disabilities to navigate, particularly if they have cognitive impairments or lack support.
    Intersectional Challenges
    Physical and Cognitive Limitations:

    Accessibility Issues: Facilities and services may not be designed to accommodate physical disabilities, such as wheelchairs or mobility aids. Cognitive impairments can further complicate the ability to access and use services.
    Communication Barriers: For those with sensory impairments (e.g., hearing or vision loss), communication with healthcare providers and social services can be challenging.
    Economic Barriers:

    Limited Financial Resources: Many elderly persons with disabilities may have limited financial resources, exacerbated by reduced earning capacity and higher healthcare costs.
    Poverty and Social Exclusion: Disability and age-related factors can lead to increased risk of poverty and social exclusion, making it harder to afford necessary services and support.
    Social and Psychological Factors:

    Stigma and Isolation: Social stigma and isolation can negatively impact mental health and well-being, further complicating access to and utilization of healthcare and social services.
    Lack of Support Networks: Limited family support and social networks can hinder access to services and reduce the effectiveness of available support systems.
    Evaluation of Government Efforts
    Strengths:

    Policy Framework:

    Legislative Measures: Governments have enacted various laws and policies aimed at improving the rights and welfare of elderly persons with disabilities, such as the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act.
    Inclusion Initiatives: Policies promoting the inclusion of persons with disabilities in healthcare and social welfare systems have been established.
    Programs and Schemes:

    Subsidies and Financial Assistance: Financial assistance programs, pensions, and subsidies are available to support elderly persons with disabilities.
    Specialized Services: Some governments have introduced specialized services and programs tailored to the needs of elderly persons with disabilities, such as adaptive devices and accessible facilities.
    Challenges:

    Implementation Gaps:

    Inconsistent Application: There is often inconsistency in the implementation of policies and programs across regions, leading to disparities in access and quality of services.
    Resource Constraints: Limited resources and funding can affect the availability and quality of specialized services and rehabilitation programs.
    Accessibility Issues:

    Infrastructure Limitations: Many healthcare facilities and social service centers are not fully accessible, and there may be insufficient focus on the needs of elderly persons with disabilities.
    Awareness and Training: There may be a lack of awareness and training among healthcare providers and social workers about the specific needs of elderly persons with disabilities.
    Bureaucratic Challenges:

    Complex Processes: The application processes for social welfare and healthcare services can be complicated and difficult to navigate, particularly for those with cognitive or physical impairments.
    Coordination Issues: Effective coordination between various government departments and agencies is often lacking, which can result in fragmented and inefficient service delivery.
    Recommendations for Improvement
    Enhance Accessibility:

    Infrastructure Improvements: Ensure that healthcare facilities and social service centers are fully accessible to elderly persons with disabilities.
    Adaptive Services: Develop and promote adaptive services and technologies to support the specific needs of elderly persons with disabilities.
    Simplify Processes:

    Streamline Applications: Simplify the application processes for social welfare and healthcare services to make them more accessible to elderly persons with disabilities.
    Provide Assistance: Offer assistance with navigation and application processes for those who face difficulties.
    Increase Funding and Resources:

    Allocate Resources: Increase funding for specialized services and rehabilitation programs, and ensure equitable distribution of resources across regions.
    Support Training: Invest in training programs for healthcare providers and social workers to better address the needs of elderly persons with disabilities.
    Promote Awareness and Inclusion:

    Public Awareness Campaigns: Conduct campaigns to raise awareness about the needs and rights of elderly persons with disabilities.
    Foster Social Inclusion: Implement programs to reduce stigma and promote social inclusion, providing a supportive environment for elderly persons with disabilities.
    By addressing these areas, the government can better support elderly persons with disabilities, improving their access to healthcare, rehabilitation, and social welfare schemes and ensuring they receive the care and support they need.

    See less
Urvi Nair
  • 0
Urvi NairBegginer
Asked: July 18, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine how the government is attempting to harmonize international frameworks on active and healthy aging with its policies and programs for the aged and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

upsc: elderly
  1. Advait Deshmukh
    Advait Deshmukh Begginer

    Aligning policies and programs for the elderly with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and international frameworks on active and healthy aging is critical for ensuring that aging populations are supported in a way that promotes their well-being, dignity, and inclusion. Here’s an analysis of hRead more

    Aligning policies and programs for the elderly with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and international frameworks on active and healthy aging is critical for ensuring that aging populations are supported in a way that promotes their well-being, dignity, and inclusion. Here’s an analysis of how governments are aligning their efforts with these global standards and frameworks, along with an assessment of the effectiveness of these alignments.

    Alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

    1. SDG 1: No Poverty
      • Pension and Social Protection Programs: Governments implement pension schemes, social security benefits, and financial assistance programs to reduce poverty among the elderly. These programs aim to provide a basic income and alleviate financial hardship.
      • Policies for Financial Inclusion: Initiatives to improve financial literacy and access to banking services for the elderly contribute to reducing economic disparities and promoting financial security.
    2. SDG 2: Zero Hunger
      • Nutritional Support Programs: Governments may offer subsidized food programs, nutrition assistance, and meal delivery services to ensure that elderly individuals have access to adequate and nutritious food.
      • Food Security Initiatives: Policies aimed at improving food security for the elderly help address issues related to malnutrition and food access.
    3. SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being
      • Healthcare Services: Efforts to provide affordable and accessible healthcare, including geriatric care and preventive services, align with the goal of promoting health and well-being for older adults.
      • Mental Health Support: Programs and policies addressing mental health issues, including counseling and support for conditions such as dementia and depression, contribute to overall well-being.
    4. SDG 4: Quality Education
      • Lifelong Learning Opportunities: Governments may support educational programs and initiatives for the elderly, including opportunities for skill development, digital literacy, and lifelong learning, promoting intellectual engagement and personal growth.
    5. SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
      • Employment Opportunities: Policies that promote the employment of older workers and prevent age discrimination contribute to economic participation and ensure that older adults have access to decent work opportunities.
    6. SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities
      • Inclusion and Equity Policies: Programs and policies designed to reduce inequalities and promote social inclusion for the elderly, including accessibility improvements and anti-discrimination measures, align with this goal.
    7. SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
      • Age-Friendly Urban Planning: Initiatives to create age-friendly environments, including accessible public spaces, transportation, and housing, support the goal of making cities and communities inclusive and sustainable for people of all ages.
    8. SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
      • Protection from Abuse: Policies and programs aimed at protecting elderly individuals from abuse and exploitation, including legal protections and support services, align with efforts to promote peace and justice.

    Alignment with International Frameworks on Active and Healthy Aging

    1. World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Aging and Health:
      • Healthy Aging Framework: Governments align with WHO’s framework by implementing policies that focus on promoting health across the lifespan, enhancing physical and mental health, and creating supportive environments for the elderly.
      • Integrated Care Models: Efforts to provide integrated and person-centered care for older adults, including long-term care and support services, align with WHO’s recommendations.
    2. Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging (MIPAA):
      • National Action Plans: Governments may develop national action plans in line with MIPAA’s priorities, focusing on areas such as social protection, healthcare, and participation of older persons in society.
      • Monitoring and Evaluation: Aligning with MIPAA involves establishing mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of policies and programs aimed at improving the lives of older adults.
    3. United Nations Principles for Older Persons:
      • Dignity and Independence: Policies that promote the dignity, independence, and participation of older individuals reflect the principles outlined by the United Nations, ensuring that their rights and needs are respected.
      • Empowerment and Support: Efforts to empower older individuals through support services, advocacy, and opportunities for engagement align with these principles.

    Assessment of Alignment and Effectiveness

    1. Strengths:
      • Comprehensive Policies: Many governments have developed comprehensive policies and programs that address multiple SDGs and align with international frameworks, including social protection, healthcare, and age-friendly environments.
      • Multifaceted Approach: Aligning with both SDGs and international frameworks often involves a multifaceted approach that integrates various aspects of elderly care and well-being, promoting a holistic view of aging.
    2. Challenges and Gaps:
      • Implementation Discrepancies: While policies may be well-aligned on paper, there can be significant discrepancies in implementation and effectiveness, particularly in rural or underserved areas.
      • Resource Constraints: Limited financial and human resources can hinder the full realization of policies and programs, affecting their impact and reach.
      • Coordination Issues: Ensuring coordination between different levels of government and across various sectors (e.g., health, social services, urban planning) can be challenging, leading to gaps in service delivery.

    Recommendations for Improvement

    1. Strengthen Implementation and Monitoring: Enhance the implementation of policies and programs by establishing clear guidelines, monitoring mechanisms, and accountability structures to ensure alignment with SDGs and international frameworks.
    2. Increase Funding and Resources: Allocate adequate resources to support the development and execution of programs for the elderly, ensuring that financial constraints do not impede progress.
    3. Promote Coordination and Collaboration: Foster better coordination between government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and community groups to create a unified approach to addressing the needs of older adults.
    4. Enhance Data Collection and Evaluation: Improve data collection and evaluation mechanisms to assess the effectiveness of policies and programs, identify gaps, and make data-driven decisions.

    Conclusion

    Governments have made significant efforts to align policies and programs for the elderly with the Sustainable Development Goals and international frameworks on active and healthy aging. These efforts reflect a commitment to improving the quality of life for older adults and promoting their inclusion in society. However, challenges remain in ensuring effective implementation, resource allocation, and coordination. By addressing these challenges and enhancing alignment with global standards, governments can further support the well-being and dignity of elderly individuals and contribute to a more inclusive and age-friendly society.

    See less
Vaishali Singh
  • 0
Vaishali SinghBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine how the National Programme for the Health Care of the Elderly and the National Policy on Older Persons, 2999, are being implemented, and note any gaps or difficulties in guaranteeing their impact and effectiveness.

upsc: elderly
  1. Mihir Jain
    Mihir Jain Begginer

    Evaluating the implementation of the National Policy on Older Persons (1999) and the National Programme for the Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) involves assessing their effectiveness, reach, and impact. Here's a breakdown of how these policies have been implemented, and the gaps and challenges thRead more

    Evaluating the implementation of the National Policy on Older Persons (1999) and the National Programme for the Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) involves assessing their effectiveness, reach, and impact. Here’s a breakdown of how these policies have been implemented, and the gaps and challenges they face:

    National Policy on Older Persons (1999)
    Objectives:

    Ensure the welfare of older persons through various means such as social security, health care, and community support.
    Promote active aging and protect older persons from abuse and neglect.
    Achievements:

    Awareness and Advocacy: The policy has increased awareness about the needs of older persons and advocated for their rights.
    Schemes and Services: Various schemes such as old-age pensions and subsidized health care have been introduced.
    Institutional Framework: Establishment of institutions and departments dedicated to elderly care and welfare.
    Gaps and Challenges:

    Implementation Consistency: Variation in implementation across states due to differences in resources and priorities.
    Funding and Resources: Inadequate funding and resources allocated for the comprehensive implementation of the policy.
    Data and Monitoring: Lack of robust data collection and monitoring mechanisms to assess the impact and effectiveness of policies.
    National Programme for the Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE)
    Objectives:

    Improve the quality of life for elderly individuals through accessible health care services.
    Integrate elderly care into the general health care system and provide specialized services.
    Achievements:

    Health Services Integration: Development of specialized geriatric care services and integration with the general health care system.
    Training and Capacity Building: Training of health care professionals in geriatric care.
    Infrastructure Development: Establishment of geriatric departments in hospitals and health centers.
    Gaps and Challenges:

    Infrastructure Deficiencies: Insufficient infrastructure and equipment for specialized geriatric care, especially in rural areas.
    Human Resource Constraints: Shortage of trained geriatric professionals and lack of ongoing training programs.
    Awareness and Accessibility: Limited awareness about available services and barriers to access, particularly in remote areas.
    General Recommendations:
    Enhanced Funding: Increase financial allocation to ensure comprehensive implementation and expansion of services.
    Data Collection and Monitoring: Develop robust systems for data collection, monitoring, and evaluation to track progress and identify areas needing improvement.
    Capacity Building: Expand training programs for health care professionals and increase the number of specialized personnel in geriatric care.
    Awareness Campaigns: Conduct widespread awareness campaigns to educate the public about available services and encourage utilization.
    Strengthen Infrastructure: Improve infrastructure and equipment in health care facilities, particularly in underserved areas.
    By addressing these gaps and challenges, the effectiveness of the National Policy on Older Persons and the NPHCE can be significantly improved, ensuring better reach and impact for elderly individuals.

    See less
Abhishek Gupta
  • 0
Abhishek GuptaLearner
Asked: July 18, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine the circumstances of senior citizens who reside in isolated and rural locations, where it is frequently difficult for them to obtain social services, healthcare, and infrastructure. Then, evaluate the steps the government has taken to alleviate these regional inequities.

upsc: elderly
  1. Yuvraj Sharma
    Yuvraj Sharma Begginer

    Elderly persons living in remote and rural areas face unique challenges in accessing healthcare, social services, and infrastructure, often exacerbated by geographical isolation and resource limitations. Examining the situation of these individuals and assessing the government's initiatives to addreRead more

    Elderly persons living in remote and rural areas face unique challenges in accessing healthcare, social services, and infrastructure, often exacerbated by geographical isolation and resource limitations. Examining the situation of these individuals and assessing the government’s initiatives to address regional disparities involves looking at both the obstacles they face and the measures taken to improve their quality of life.

    Challenges Faced by Elderly Persons in Remote and Rural Areas

    1. Healthcare Access:
      • Limited Healthcare Facilities: Remote and rural areas often have fewer healthcare facilities and medical professionals, making it difficult for elderly individuals to access routine and specialized medical care.
      • Transportation Issues: Inadequate transportation options can hinder elderly individuals from reaching healthcare facilities, particularly for those with mobility issues or chronic health conditions.
      • Emergency Services: Access to emergency medical services may be limited, leading to delays in treatment and increased risk during health crises.
    2. Social Services:
      • Insufficient Social Support: Social services, including assistance programs, counseling, and community support, may be sparse in rural areas. This can affect the availability of resources for elderly individuals needing financial assistance, mental health support, or caregiving.
      • Isolation: Geographic isolation can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and social isolation, which can impact mental and physical health.
    3. Infrastructure and Living Conditions:
      • Poor Infrastructure: Inadequate infrastructure, such as poor road conditions and limited access to utilities, can affect the overall quality of life for elderly individuals in rural areas. This includes difficulties in accessing clean water, electricity, and safe housing.
      • Lack of Accessibility: Many rural areas lack facilities that are accessible to elderly individuals with mobility challenges, such as ramps, accessible public transportation, or adapted housing.

    Government Initiatives to Address Regional Disparities

    1. Healthcare Initiatives:
      • National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): Launched in 2005, the NRHM aims to improve healthcare delivery in rural areas, including enhancing access to medical services for elderly individuals. It focuses on strengthening healthcare infrastructure and providing better access to essential health services.
      • Mobile Health Units: Mobile health units are deployed in remote areas to provide medical care and health services, including for elderly individuals who may have difficulty reaching healthcare facilities.
      • Telemedicine Services: The expansion of telemedicine services helps bridge the gap in healthcare access by allowing elderly individuals in remote areas to consult with healthcare professionals remotely.
    2. Social Services and Support:
      • Old Age Pension Schemes: The government provides old age pensions and financial assistance through schemes like the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) and state-specific pension schemes to support elderly individuals, including those in rural areas.
      • Community Development Programs: Programs aimed at community development and social welfare often include components that address the needs of the elderly, such as creating awareness about available services and providing support through local bodies.
    3. Infrastructure Development:
      • Rural Infrastructure Projects: Initiatives under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) and other rural infrastructure programs focus on improving road connectivity and basic infrastructure in remote areas, which benefits elderly individuals by enhancing access to services.
      • Accessibility Improvements: Government programs work towards improving accessibility in rural areas, including the construction of accessible public facilities and housing adaptations.
    4. Education and Awareness:
      • Training Programs: Training programs for local healthcare providers and community workers focus on the specific needs of the elderly, improving their ability to deliver appropriate care and support.
      • Awareness Campaigns: Public awareness campaigns aim to educate rural populations about available services and resources for the elderly, encouraging them to seek help and access support.

    Assessment of Government Initiatives

    1. Strengths:
      • Comprehensive Approach: Government initiatives such as the NRHM and mobile health units provide a comprehensive approach to improving healthcare access and addressing disparities in remote areas.
      • Social Assistance Programs: Pension schemes and community support programs provide essential financial and social support, helping to alleviate some of the challenges faced by elderly individuals in rural areas.
    2. Challenges and Gaps:
      • Limited Reach and Resources: Despite initiatives, the reach and effectiveness of programs can be limited by resource constraints and the vast geographical areas they aim to cover. Rural areas may still face gaps in service delivery.
      • Infrastructure Constraints: While infrastructure improvements are underway, many rural areas continue to face significant challenges related to poor roads, inadequate utilities, and limited accessibility.
      • Awareness and Utilization: There may be gaps in awareness about available services and programs among elderly individuals in remote areas, impacting their ability to access support.

    Recommendations for Improvement

    1. Expand and Strengthen Services: Increase the reach and capacity of healthcare and social services in rural areas by expanding mobile health units, telemedicine services, and community-based support programs.
    2. Enhance Infrastructure Development: Prioritize infrastructure projects that improve connectivity, accessibility, and living conditions in remote areas, ensuring that elderly individuals can access essential services and resources.
    3. Improve Awareness and Outreach: Implement targeted outreach and awareness campaigns to inform elderly individuals in rural areas about available services and how to access them. Use local community networks to spread information effectively.
    4. Foster Community Involvement: Encourage local community involvement in the planning and implementation of services for the elderly, ensuring that initiatives are tailored to the specific needs of rural populations.

    Conclusion

    Elderly persons living in remote and rural areas face significant challenges in accessing healthcare, social services, and infrastructure. Government initiatives such as the National Rural Health Mission, mobile health units, and infrastructure development projects aim to address these disparities and improve the quality of life for elderly individuals. However, challenges remain in reaching all areas effectively and ensuring that services are accessible and well-utilized. By expanding and strengthening initiatives, enhancing infrastructure, and improving awareness, the government can better address the needs of elderly individuals in remote and rural areas.

    See less
Urvi Nair
  • 0
Urvi NairBegginer
Asked: July 18, 2024In:
  • 0

Analyze the government’s initiatives to support senior citizens’ meaningful and active involvement in decision-making, particularly their representation in local governance and policymaking.

upsc: elderly
  1. Yuvraj Sharma
    Yuvraj Sharma Begginer

    Promoting the active and meaningful participation of the elderly in decision-making processes is crucial for ensuring that their voices are heard and their needs are addressed in policy and governance. Evaluating the government's efforts in this area involves examining initiatives aimed at involvingRead more

    Promoting the active and meaningful participation of the elderly in decision-making processes is crucial for ensuring that their voices are heard and their needs are addressed in policy and governance. Evaluating the government’s efforts in this area involves examining initiatives aimed at involving elderly individuals in local governance, policymaking, and community decision-making.

    Government Efforts to Promote Elderly Participation

    1. Local Governance and Representation:
      • Elderly Representation in Local Bodies: Some local government structures include provisions for the representation of elderly individuals, such as senior citizens’ councils or advisory boards. These bodies aim to ensure that the perspectives of elderly residents are considered in local governance.
      • Community Participation Programs: Initiatives like community forums or public consultations often encourage elderly individuals to participate in discussions on local development and policy issues, providing them with a platform to voice their opinions and concerns.
    2. Policy and Decision-Making Processes:
      • Senior Citizens’ Welfare Committees: Various states and municipalities have established committees or councils dedicated to the welfare of senior citizens. These committees often play a role in advising on policies and programs that affect the elderly.
      • Consultative Processes: The government sometimes involves elderly individuals in consultative processes for developing policies related to aging, social security, and healthcare. This can include focus groups, surveys, and advisory panels.
    3. Legislative and Policy Framework:
      • National Policy on Older Persons: This policy outlines the government’s commitment to the welfare of the elderly, including promoting their active participation in decision-making processes. It emphasizes the importance of incorporating the needs and perspectives of elderly individuals into policy development.
      • Legislation and Initiatives: Various legislative measures, such as the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007, include provisions for involving elderly persons in matters related to their welfare and rights.

    Assessment of Government Efforts

    1. Strengths:
      • Increased Representation: The establishment of senior citizens’ councils and advisory boards at local levels provides opportunities for elderly individuals to participate in governance and policymaking. These bodies help ensure that the needs of the elderly are considered in local decisions.
      • Consultative Processes: Engaging elderly individuals through consultative processes for policy development helps incorporate their views and needs into the decision-making process, leading to more inclusive and relevant policies.
    2. Challenges and Gaps:
      • Limited Awareness and Participation: Many elderly individuals may be unaware of opportunities to participate in local governance or policymaking. Additionally, barriers such as mobility issues, lack of digital literacy, or social isolation can limit their participation.
      • Representation Inconsistencies: The effectiveness of representation and participation can vary depending on the local context and the resources allocated to senior citizens’ councils or advisory bodies. Some areas may lack effective mechanisms for ensuring that elderly individuals are actively involved.
      • Implementation Challenges: While policies and frameworks exist, there may be challenges in implementing them effectively. This includes ensuring that the views of elderly individuals are genuinely considered and acted upon in decision-making processes.

    Recommendations for Improvement

    1. Enhance Awareness and Outreach: Increase efforts to raise awareness among elderly individuals about opportunities for participation in local governance and policymaking. Use targeted outreach strategies to engage those who may face barriers to participation.
    2. Improve Accessibility: Address barriers to participation by improving accessibility to decision-making forums and platforms. This includes providing support for those with mobility issues, ensuring that information is available in accessible formats, and using inclusive communication methods.
    3. Strengthen Representation Mechanisms: Ensure that senior citizens’ councils and advisory boards are effectively implemented and resourced. Monitor their performance and impact to ensure that elderly individuals are meaningfully represented and involved in decision-making processes.
    4. Foster Inclusivity: Develop policies and initiatives that promote the active and meaningful participation of elderly individuals in all aspects of governance and policymaking. This includes creating diverse opportunities for involvement and addressing any potential biases or barriers.
    5. Evaluate and Adapt: Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of current efforts and adapt strategies as needed to improve the participation and representation of elderly individuals. Gather feedback from elderly participants to identify areas for improvement and ensure that their needs are being met.

    Conclusion

    The government has made efforts to promote the active and meaningful participation of the elderly in decision-making processes through local governance, policy development, and consultative frameworks. While there are strengths in these efforts, such as increased representation and consultative processes, challenges remain in terms of awareness, accessibility, and effective implementation. By addressing these challenges and enhancing support mechanisms, the government can better ensure that elderly individuals are actively involved in shaping policies and decisions that affect their lives.

    See less
Vaishali Singh
  • 0
Vaishali SinghBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine the issues surrounding healthcare that older people experience, such as finding cheap and high-quality geriatric care, long-term care homes, and palliative care, and assess the government’s efforts to improve the healthcare system for older people.

upsc: elderly
  1. Vaibhav Mishra
    Vaibhav Mishra Begginer

    The healthcare challenges faced by the elderly are multifaceted and include issues related to access to affordable and quality geriatric care, long-term care facilities, and palliative care. Here’s a detailed analysis of these challenges and an evaluation of government initiatives aimed at strengtheRead more

    The healthcare challenges faced by the elderly are multifaceted and include issues related to access to affordable and quality geriatric care, long-term care facilities, and palliative care. Here’s a detailed analysis of these challenges and an evaluation of government initiatives aimed at strengthening the healthcare system for the elderly:

    Healthcare Challenges Faced by the Elderly

    1. Access to Affordable and Quality Geriatric Care:
      • Limited Availability: There is often a shortage of specialized geriatric care providers and facilities, leading to limited access to quality healthcare tailored to the needs of elderly individuals.
      • High Costs: Affordable geriatric care can be challenging to access, with many elderly individuals facing financial constraints that limit their ability to afford necessary medical services and treatments.
      • Fragmented Services: The healthcare system can be fragmented, with a lack of integrated care models that coordinate between primary care, specialty care, and support services for elderly patients.
    2. Long-Term Care Facilities:
      • Insufficient Facilities: There is a shortage of long-term care facilities, such as old age homes and assisted living centers, which are essential for elderly individuals who require ongoing support and care.
      • Quality and Standards: The quality of care in long-term care facilities can vary widely. Many facilities may lack proper standards for care, staff training, and infrastructure.
      • Accessibility: Long-term care facilities are often concentrated in urban areas, making access difficult for elderly individuals living in rural or remote regions.
    3. Palliative Care:
      • Limited Availability: Palliative care services, which focus on providing relief from symptoms and improving the quality of life for individuals with serious illnesses, are often limited in availability.
      • Lack of Awareness: There may be a lack of awareness and understanding of palliative care among patients, families, and healthcare providers, leading to underutilization of these services.
      • Integration with Other Services: Palliative care may not always be well integrated with other healthcare services, leading to fragmented care and inadequate support for patients with chronic or terminal conditions.

    Evaluation of Government Initiatives

    1. Healthcare Schemes and Programs:
      • National Health Protection Scheme: Initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) provide health insurance coverage that includes benefits for elderly individuals, aiming to improve access to healthcare services.
      • Old Age Homes and Support Services: Government schemes support the establishment of old age homes and provide funding for long-term care facilities, including the Integrated Program for Older Persons (IPOP).
    2. Strengths of Government Efforts:
      • Expansion of Coverage: Health insurance schemes like PMJAY aim to expand coverage and reduce out-of-pocket expenses for elderly individuals, improving access to a range of healthcare services.
      • Infrastructure Development: Investments in old age homes and long-term care facilities help address the shortage of such services and improve support for elderly individuals.
    3. Challenges and Gaps:
      • Implementation and Accessibility: Implementation of healthcare schemes can be inconsistent, with challenges in reaching all eligible individuals, especially in remote or underserved areas.
      • Quality of Care: Ensuring consistent quality of care across long-term care facilities remains a challenge. Some facilities may not meet the necessary standards, affecting the well-being of residents.
      • Limited Palliative Care Services: Palliative care services are still limited in scope and availability, with many regions lacking dedicated palliative care teams or facilities.

    Recommendations for Improvement

    1. Enhance Geriatric Care Services:
      • Increase Availability: Expand the availability of specialized geriatric care services and providers to ensure that elderly individuals have access to quality healthcare tailored to their needs.
      • Integrate Services: Develop integrated care models that coordinate between primary care, specialty care, and support services to provide comprehensive care for elderly patients.
    2. Expand Long-Term Care Facilities:
      • Increase Funding: Increase funding for the development and maintenance of long-term care facilities, ensuring that they meet high standards for care and infrastructure.
      • Improve Accessibility: Support the establishment of long-term care facilities in rural and underserved areas to improve access for elderly individuals living outside urban centers.
    3. Strengthen Palliative Care:
      • Expand Services: Increase the availability of palliative care services and ensure that they are integrated with other healthcare services to provide comprehensive support for individuals with serious illnesses.
      • Promote Awareness: Launch awareness campaigns to educate patients, families, and healthcare providers about the benefits of palliative care and how to access these services.
    4. Improve Implementation of Healthcare Schemes:
      • Address Gaps: Ensure effective implementation of healthcare schemes and programs by addressing gaps in coverage and reaching all eligible individuals, particularly in remote areas.
      • Monitor Quality: Establish robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to ensure that long-term care facilities and healthcare services meet necessary standards and provide high-quality care.

    Conclusion

    The elderly in India face significant healthcare challenges, including issues related to access to affordable and quality geriatric care, long-term care facilities, and palliative care. While government initiatives have made progress in addressing these challenges, there remain gaps in implementation, quality, and accessibility. By addressing these gaps and building on existing efforts, the government can strengthen the healthcare system for the elderly, ensuring that they receive the support and care they need for a healthy and dignified life.

    See less
Gopal Sharma
  • 0
Gopal SharmaBegginer
Asked: June 26, 2024In:
  • 0

From 2011 to 21, the old population in India grew at a rate that was around three times faster than that of the overall population. Talk about the reasons that policies for the elderly are important for India’s overall growth ...

upsc: elderly
  1. Meera Singh
    Meera Singh Begginer

    India's elderly population (aged 60 and above) is projected to touch 194 million in 2031 from 138 million in 2021, a 41 per cent increase over a decade, according to the National Statistical Office's (NSO) Elderly in India 2021 report. This points towards a concept called 2nd Demographic Dividend, wRead more

    India’s elderly population (aged 60 and above) is projected to touch 194 million in 2031 from 138 million in 2021, a 41 per cent increase over a decade, according to the National Statistical Office’s (NSO) Elderly in India 2021 report. This points towards a concept called 2nd Demographic Dividend, where the accumulated wealth of the elderly can be put to use in both economic and human development of the country.
    Given the importance, it becomes imperative to have policies specifically designed for geriatric care. The policies must focus on rectifying the following issues faced by the elderly population:

    • Health issues: With growing age, various anatomical and physiological changes often lead to reduced immunity, poor health and morbidity. Also, the rising costs of healthcare necessitates proper policy framework to cater to the needs of this section of the population.
    • Income insecurity: Retirement and subsequent loss of income aggravates issues related to costly geriatric healthcare, lowering of self-esteem, etc.
    • Adoption of technology: Technology has a significant role to play in positive ageing. However, the elderly often struggle in understanding and adopting various new and emerging technologies. Policies must focus on bridging this digital divide for them.
    • Awareness generation: Inaccessibility to social security schemes owing to lack of awareness about the schemes for the elderly, eligibility criteria and cumbersome procedures are some of the major reasons for low accessibility.
    • Framing holistic laws: Currently, the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007, is applicable prospectively. As a result, many elderly persons who transferred their property before the enactment of the Act cannot take legal action against their children. Also, the Act does not contain any assurance for the childless elderly.

    Addressing these issues through a comprehensive policy is crucial for India’s development due to the following reasons:

    • Economic development: The elderly population makes substantial contributions to the economy through participation in the formal or informal workforce (often beyond retirement age), taxes and consumption, and transfers of assets and resources to their families and communities.
    • Unpaid care work: Elderly persons, particularly women, play a vital role in providing unpaid care for spouses, grandchildren and other relatives, including those with disabilities.
    • Political participation: With variation across contexts, the elderly in some countries, notably in advanced democracies, can carry significant weight, which is mostly associated with the concentration of economic resources and a tradition of political participation.
    • Social capital: Many elderly persons tend to be actively involved in community and civic life through volunteering, governance of public institutions, and participation in community-based institutions.

    With the growing proportion of the elderly persons in the global population, there is greater acknowledgement of the importance of ageing, as it provides significant opportunities for sustainable development.

    See less
Load More Questions

Resources & Suggestions

Mains Answer Writing Latest Articles

On: February 22, 2025 Comments: 0

Indo-US Relation: Areas of Cooperation & Conflicts

Key Areas: Defense, technology, trade, energy, and regional cooperation. Key Areas of Cooperation 1. Defense and Security Transition from buyer-seller to co-production and technology sharing. India as a Major Defense Partner (MDP) and inclusion in STA-1. Access to advanced technologies, ...

On: February 22, 2025 Comments: 0

भारत-अमेरिका संबंध: सहयोग और संघर्ष के क्षेत्र

मुख्य विषय: भारत-अमेरिका संबंधों की मजबूती, विशेषकर रक्षा, प्रौद्योगिकी और क्षेत्रीय सहयोग में प्रगति। सहयोग के प्रमुख क्षेत्र 1. रक्षा एवं सुरक्षा सहयोग भारत और अमेरिका के बीच रक्षा संबंधों का विस्तार। प्रमुख रक्षा साझेदार (MDP) का दर्जा और STA-1 ...

On: February 22, 2025 Comments: 0

India’s Disaster Management

The article discusses the growing tensions between the Centre and states regarding disaster relief funding in India. It emphasizes the need for a transparent and equitable disaster management framework. Key Disaster Threats India Faces Increasing Frequency of Extreme Weather Events ...

Explore Our Blog