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Home/upsc: economic geography/Page 2

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

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Asked: August 9, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Definition of Industrial Corridors: Briefly define what industrial corridors are and their role in economic development. Importance: Highlight their significance in stimulating industrial growth, attracting investment, and improving living standards. 2. Significance of Industrial Corridors in India A. Promote ...

upsc: economic geography
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    Model Answer Introduction Industrial corridors are vital to India's economic development, providing a robust platform for industrial growth through modern infrastructure and logistics facilities. They play a crucial role in stimulating economic activity, attracting investment, creating jobs, and enhRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Industrial corridors are vital to India’s economic development, providing a robust platform for industrial growth through modern infrastructure and logistics facilities. They play a crucial role in stimulating economic activity, attracting investment, creating jobs, and enhancing the overall standard of living.

    Significance of Industrial Corridors in India

    1. Promote Industrialization: Industrial corridors facilitate the establishment of new industrial clusters, fostering industrialization and economic growth.
    2. Infrastructure Development: These corridors focus on developing essential infrastructure, such as power, water supply, and transportation, vital for industrial growth.
    3. Job Creation: The development of these corridors is expected to create numerous jobs, reducing unemployment and improving livelihoods across regions.
    4. Attract Foreign Investment: Industrial corridors are designed to attract foreign investment, facilitating the transfer of technology and expertise, which can bolster domestic industries.
    5. Regional Development: By promoting industrial growth, these corridors contribute to the overall development of regions, enhancing living standards for the local population.

    Identifying Industrial Corridors and Their Characteristics

    1. Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC):
      • Length: 1,483 km.
      • Aims to create futuristic industrial cities via high-speed connectivity.
      • Estimated cost: USD 100 billion, funded by the Government of India and Japanese investments (Source: DMIC Development Corporation).
    2. Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC):
      • Covers Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
      • Focuses on creating a high-tech industrial zone, funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
    3. Bengaluru-Mumbai Economic Corridor (BMEC):
      • Covers Maharashtra and Karnataka.
      • Aims to foster a knowledge-based economy through research and innovation, supported by UK collaboration.
    4. Amritsar-Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC):
      • Spans Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
      • Utilizes the Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor as its backbone.
    5. East Coast Economic Corridor (ECEC):
      • Covers West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
      • Aims to enhance industrial competitiveness through port and logistics development.
    6. North East Myanmar Industrial Corridor:
      • Part of the India-Japan partnership, aimed at boosting connectivity and economic growth in Northeast India.

    Conclusion

    The development of industrial corridors in India is crucial for sustained economic growth and overall development. By fostering new industries, promoting exports, and creating employment opportunities, these corridors represent a significant step toward transforming the Indian economy.

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Asked: September 9, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP): Launched in 2018 to uplift the most backward districts in India. Focuses on five core areas: health and nutrition, education, agriculture and water resources, financial inclusion, and basic infrastructure. 2. Core Strategies for Transformation A. ...

upsc: economic geography
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    Model Answer Introduction Launched in 2018, the Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) aims to transform India's most backward districts by focusing on key areas like health, education, agriculture, financial inclusion, and infrastructure. This initiative seeks to uplift living standards and promoteRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Launched in 2018, the Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) aims to transform India’s most backward districts by focusing on key areas like health, education, agriculture, financial inclusion, and infrastructure. This initiative seeks to uplift living standards and promote inclusive development.

    Strategies for Transformation

    1. Convergence of Central and State Schemes:
      • Fact: The ADP emphasizes the integration of various central and state schemes at the district level to enhance their effectiveness.
    2. Collaborative Effort:
      • Fact: The programme fosters collaboration among district officials, citizens, and NGOs to ensure that development initiatives are comprehensive and inclusive.
    3. Citizen-Centric Approach:
      • Fact: By focusing on citizen needs, the ADP aims to improve the quality of life in aspirational districts through a people-centric approach.
    4. Innovation:
      • Fact: The use of innovative solutions and technology is encouraged to drive development in these districts, promoting sustainable practices.
    5. Monitoring and Feedback:
      • Fact: Regular monitoring and feedback mechanisms are established to ensure effective implementation and adaptability of programmes.

    Nature of Convergence, Collaboration, and Competition

    • Role of NITI Aayog: As the anchor institution, NITI Aayog coordinates efforts while individual ministries and district administrations drive local progress.
    • Central Prabhari Officer: Each district is overseen by an officer of Additional Secretary/Joint Secretary rank to ensure accountability and implementation.
    • State-Level Committees: Chief Secretaries lead committees to facilitate effective programme execution, supported by nodal and Prabhari officers.
    • Empowered Committee: An Empowered Committee, led by the CEO of NITI Aayog, ensures scheme convergence and addresses specific challenges.
    • Delta Ranking: NITI Aayog releases a delta ranking for districts, fostering competition among teams striving for development, thus motivating better performance.

    Conclusion

    The transformation of aspirational districts in India hinges on a multi-faceted approach involving convergence, collaboration, and competition among stakeholders. Successful implementation of ADP strategies can significantly enhance development in these disadvantaged areas, driving sustainable and inclusive growth.

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Asked: August 10, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define micro-watershed development and its significance in managing water resources. Mention the focus on sustainable land and water management, particularly in drought-prone and semi-arid areas. 2. Role of Micro-Watershed Development in Water Conservation 2.1 Soil and Water Conservation Explain techniques ...

upsc: economic geography
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    Model Answer Introduction Micro-watershed development refers to the integrated management of small-scale watersheds to enhance sustainable land and water resources. This approach employs conservation measures, land-use planning, and community involvement to improve water availability and soil healthRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Micro-watershed development refers to the integrated management of small-scale watersheds to enhance sustainable land and water resources. This approach employs conservation measures, land-use planning, and community involvement to improve water availability and soil health, particularly in drought-prone and semi-arid regions of India.

    Role of Micro-Watershed Development in Water Conservation

    Soil and Water Conservation

    Micro-watershed projects emphasize soil and water conservation techniques such as contour bunding, check dams, and water harvesting systems. These practices significantly reduce soil erosion and enhance water retention in the soil, leading to improved moisture availability. For example, the implementation of check dams in regions like Rajasthan has been shown to increase groundwater levels by up to 30%.

    Rainwater Harvesting

    These initiatives promote rainwater harvesting, crucial for recharging groundwater aquifers. By capturing and storing rainwater, communities can ensure a sustained water supply during dry spells. Studies indicate that effective rainwater harvesting can increase water availability by 20-30% in arid areas.

    Sustainable Agriculture

    Micro-watershed projects advocate for sustainable agricultural practices, including crop diversification and efficient irrigation methods. These practices not only conserve water but also enhance soil fertility and reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers. For instance, the adoption of drip irrigation has been shown to reduce water usage by up to 40% in various agricultural settings.

    Community Participation

    Involving local communities in planning and implementation fosters ownership and long-term sustainability. By engaging residents, these projects ensure that water conservation measures are culturally appropriate and effectively maintained.

    Livelihood Improvement

    Micro-watershed development also creates alternative livelihood opportunities through less water-intensive activities like horticulture and livestock rearing. This diversification helps build resilience against drought conditions.

    Conclusion

    Micro-watershed development projects have proven effective in conserving water resources in drought-prone and semi-arid regions of India. By enhancing soil health, promoting groundwater recharge, and providing alternative livelihoods, these projects contribute significantly to sustainable development. Their success hinges on proper planning, community involvement, and the adoption of sustainable practices.

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Asked: September 9, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Definition of Blue Revolution: Introduce the Blue Revolution as the sustainable and innovative development of fisheries and aquaculture aimed at meeting seafood demands while preserving marine ecosystems. Importance: Highlight its significance in enhancing food security and rural ...

upsc: economic geography
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    Model Answer Introduction The "Blue Revolution" signifies the sustainable growth of fisheries and aquaculture to meet increasing seafood demands while preserving marine ecosystems. This initiative aims to enhance food security and improve livelihoods within fishing communities, particularly in IndiaRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The “Blue Revolution” signifies the sustainable growth of fisheries and aquaculture to meet increasing seafood demands while preserving marine ecosystems. This initiative aims to enhance food security and improve livelihoods within fishing communities, particularly in India, where aquaculture plays a vital role.

    Problems of Pisciculture Development in India

    1. Lack of Infrastructure: India faces significant challenges due to inadequate infrastructure, including insufficient fish hatcheries and processing facilities. This limits fish farmers’ ability to produce and market their products effectively.
    2. Limited Access to Credit: Many fish farmers struggle to obtain credit, hindering their capacity to invest in essential infrastructure and expand operations.
    3. Poor Quality Fish Seed: The quality of fish seed often leads to high mortality and low growth rates, attributed to inadequate breeding and selection techniques.
    4. Water Scarcity: Water scarcity poses a significant challenge, compounded by pollution in many rivers, making it difficult to maintain clean water for fish farming.
    5. Lack of Skilled Manpower: There is a shortage of trained professionals in aquaculture, which affects the production of high-quality fish products.
    6. Low Profitability: High production costs and low market prices result in limited profitability for many fish farmers.

    Strategies for Pisciculture Development in India

    1. Data Improvement: Strengthening the database for freshwater and brackish water aquaculture is crucial for effective policy analysis, as evidenced by studies in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
    2. Leveraging Technology: Utilizing information technology, such as remote sensing and GIS, can improve planning and monitoring of aquaculture, minimizing ecological impacts.
    3. Enhancing Breeding and Nutrition: Investing in breeding technology and disease control, combined with traditional knowledge, can enhance efficiency in fish farming.
    4. Financial Support: Financial institutions should facilitate credit flow to the aquaculture sector, considering ecological factors and regulatory frameworks.
    5. Regulatory Measures: Developing and enforcing legal measures for aquaculture in ecologically sensitive areas is essential for sustainable practices.

    Conclusion

    With its vast fish diversity, India has the potential to lead in global fish production. A sustainable approach to pisciculture is crucial for addressing food insecurity while catering to socio-economic needs, ensuring a balanced ecosystem and community livelihoods.

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