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Explain in detail the state of insurgency in North-Eastern India after independence. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2022]
Insurgency in North-Eastern India After Independence 1. Early Developments: After India gained independence, ethnic and political unrest in the North-East began to take shape due to factors such as historical grievances, ethnic tensions, and demands for autonomy. The Naga insurgency started in the 1Read more
Insurgency in North-Eastern India After Independence
1. Early Developments: After India gained independence, ethnic and political unrest in the North-East began to take shape due to factors such as historical grievances, ethnic tensions, and demands for autonomy. The Naga insurgency started in the 1950s, led by the Naga National Council (NNC), advocating for an independent Nagaland.
2. Formation of Insurgent Groups: Over time, various insurgent groups emerged across the region, each with specific demands. For instance, the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA), formed in 1979, sought an independent Assam, driven by perceived economic exploitation and cultural marginalization. Similarly, the Mizo National Front (MNF), initially seeking autonomy, escalated to a demand for secession, leading to armed conflict in the 1960s.
3. Government Response and Peace Processes: The Indian government’s response included both military action and political negotiations. The Assam Accord of 1985 was a significant step towards addressing Assamese grievances and integrating ULFA members into the political process. The Mizo Peace Accord in 1986 granted the Mizo Hills autonomy under the Mizoram State.
4. Recent Trends: Insurgency in the North-East has evolved, with increased focus on peace and reconciliation. The Naga Peace Accord (2015), signed with the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM), aimed at resolving long-standing issues, though challenges remain. The Bodo Accord (2020) has been a recent success, granting greater autonomy to the Bodo people in Assam.
5. Ongoing Challenges: Despite progress, challenges persist, such as ethnic clashes, extremist factions, and demands for further autonomy. The armed groups in Manipur and the Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya continue to pose security concerns.
Conclusion: The state of insurgency in North-Eastern India reflects a complex interplay of historical, ethnic, and political factors. While significant progress has been made through peace accords and political integration, the region continues to face challenges that require ongoing dialogue and development efforts.
See lessDiscuss the corrective strategies needed to win the Left Wing Extremism (LWE) doctrine affected citizens back into the mainstream of social and economic growth. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2018]
Corrective Strategies to Integrate Left Wing Extremism (LWE) Affected Citizens 1. Socio-Economic Development Infrastructure Development: Invest in basic infrastructure such as roads, schools, and healthcare facilities in LWE-affected regions. For instance, the Road Construction Project under the RoaRead more
Corrective Strategies to Integrate Left Wing Extremism (LWE) Affected Citizens
1. Socio-Economic Development
2. Security and Governance
3. Community Engagement
These strategies aim to integrate LWE-affected individuals into mainstream society by addressing their socio-economic needs, enhancing security, and fostering community engagement.
See lessExplain the steps taken by the government to counter Naxalism in India. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2020]
Steps Taken by the Government to Counter Naxalism in India **1. Security Operations The government has intensified counter-insurgency operations to neutralize Naxal threats. Operation Samadhan and Operation Green Hunt have been significant in targeting Naxal strongholds. For example, the recent OperRead more
Steps Taken by the Government to Counter Naxalism in India
**1. Security Operations
The government has intensified counter-insurgency operations to neutralize Naxal threats. Operation Samadhan and Operation Green Hunt have been significant in targeting Naxal strongholds. For example, the recent Operation Prahar in Chhattisgarh has been aimed at dismantling Naxal infrastructure and reducing their influence in the region.
**2. Development Programs
The government has implemented various development initiatives to address the socio-economic factors that fuel Naxalism. The Integrated Action Plan (IAP) and the Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana focus on infrastructure development, education, and healthcare in Naxal-affected areas. Recent projects include the construction of roads and schools under the Prime Minister’s Rural Development Scheme to improve connectivity and access to essential services.
**3. Policy and Governance Reforms
Policy reforms and improved governance in Naxal-hit states aim to address grievances that contribute to Naxal recruitment. The Tribal Sub-Plan and Scheduled Areas Development Programme are designed to ensure better resource allocation and administrative support for tribal communities.
**4. Community Engagement
Efforts have been made to enhance community engagement and promote local governance. The government is working on strengthening village-level committees and increasing public participation in governance through initiatives like Gram Sabha and Village Development Committees.
**5. Coordination with States
Enhanced cooperation between central and state agencies is critical for effective counter-Naxal operations. The formation of Joint Task Forces and improved intelligence-sharing mechanisms aim to streamline efforts and ensure better coordination in tackling Naxal activities.
In summary, the government is employing a multi-faceted approach to counter Naxalism, focusing on security operations, development programs, governance reforms, community engagement, and state coordination to address both the immediate and underlying causes of the insurgency.
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