What does “Linc of Poverty” actually mean? Give an explanation of India’s “Poverty Alleviation” Programme.(200 Words) [UPPSC 2020]
Important Objectives of NITI Aayog Strategic Planning: NITI Aayog aims to provide strategic and long-term policy frameworks and direction for national development. It replaces the Planning Commission’s role in guiding the country's economic policy. State-Level Empowerment: It focuses on empowering sRead more
Important Objectives of NITI Aayog
- Strategic Planning: NITI Aayog aims to provide strategic and long-term policy frameworks and direction for national development. It replaces the Planning Commission’s role in guiding the country’s economic policy.
- State-Level Empowerment: It focuses on empowering states by fostering cooperative federalism and encouraging state-specific solutions. This approach promotes regional development tailored to local needs.
- Innovation and Research: NITI Aayog emphasizes innovation and research through initiatives like the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), which aims to support startups and foster a culture of innovation.
- Sustainable Development: It works towards sustainable development goals and integrates environmental and social considerations into policy-making. For instance, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework guides its strategy.
Differences from the Planning Commission
- Institutional Framework: Unlike the Planning Commission, which was a centralized body, NITI Aayog is designed as a think tank and policy advisory body with a focus on collaborative planning and state engagement.
- Role and Approach: The Planning Commission focused on centralized planning and allocating resources based on Five-Year Plans. In contrast, NITI Aayog emphasizes policy innovation, flexibility, and bottom-up planning.
- Accountability and Inclusivity: NITI Aayog promotes inclusive growth by involving diverse stakeholders, whereas the Planning Commission’s approach was often seen as top-down.
Recent Example: In 2023, NITI Aayog launched the ‘Aspirational Districts Programme’, which targets improving performance in districts lagging in development, demonstrating its focus on state-specific, inclusive growth compared to the Planning Commission’s broad, centralized approach.
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*Line of Poverty:* The Line of Poverty, also known as the Poverty Line, is an economic benchmark that defines the minimum level of income required to meet basic needs and sustain life. It's calculated based on the cost of a basket of essential goods and services. *Poverty Alleviation Programmes in IRead more
*Line of Poverty:*
The Line of Poverty, also known as the Poverty Line, is an economic benchmark that defines the minimum level of income required to meet basic needs and sustain life. It’s calculated based on the cost of a basket of essential goods and services.
*Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India:*
India has implemented various programmes to alleviate poverty, focusing on:
1. Employment generation
2. Social security
3. Education and skill development
4. Health and nutrition
5. Infrastructure development
*Major Programmes:*
1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): Guarantees 100 days of wage employment per year.
2. Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY): Provides financial assistance for self-employment.
3. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM): Enhances livelihoods through skill development and entrepreneurship.
4. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): Promotes financial inclusion through bank accounts.
5. National Health Mission (NHM): Improves healthcare access.
6. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): Universalizes elementary education.
7. Indira Awas Yojana (IAY): Provides housing for the poor.
*Targeted Interventions:*
1. Below Poverty Line (BPL) families
2. Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST)
3. Women and children
4. Rural and urban poor
*Outcomes:*
1. Poverty reduction: 22% (2011) to 10% (2019)
2. Increased employment opportunities
3. Improved health and education outcomes
4. Enhanced financial inclusion
*Challenges:*
1. Inefficient implementation
2. Limited resources
3. Corruption
4. Inadequate targeting
*Reforms:*
1. Streamline programme implementation
2. Enhance convergence among schemes
3. Improve targeting and monitoring
4. Increase funding and resource allocation
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