The Governor of an Indian state serves as the constitutional head of the state, functioning under the provisions of the Indian Constitution. Appointed by the President of India, the Governor’s role is pivotal in maintaining the balance of power between the central and state governments.

Key functions and powers of the Governor include:

1. **Executive Powers**: The Governor appoints the Chief Minister and, on their advice, the Council of Ministers. They also appoint key state officials like the Advocate General and members of the State Public Service Commission.

2. **Legislative Powers**: The Governor summons, prorogues, and can dissolve the state legislature. They have the power to reserve bills for the President’s consideration and to promulgate ordinances when the legislature is not in session.

3. **Discretionary Powers**: In specific situations, the Governor can act independently of the advice of the Council of Ministers, such as when deciding who to appoint as Chief Minister when no party has a clear majority.

4. **Judicial Powers**: The Governor has the authority to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment.

5. **Financial Powers**: No money bill can be introduced in the state legislature without the Governor’s prior recommendation. They also ensure that the state budget is presented annually.

The Governor’s role is largely ceremonial; however, their discretionary powers and ability to act as a mediator between the central and state governments are crucial for maintaining constitutional governance and political stability.