Formation of Black Holes:

Black holes are regions in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, including light, can escape. They are formed when a massive star collapses under its own gravity, causing a massive amount of matter to be compressed into an incredibly small point called a singularity.

There are four stages to the formation of a black hole:

1. Massive Star Collapse: A massive star runs out of fuel and collapses under its own gravity.
2. Supernova Explosion: The star explodes in a supernova, expelling a large amount of matter and energy into space.
3. Core Collapse: The core of the star collapses into a singularity, creating a point of infinite density and zero volume.
4. Event Horizon Formation: The point of singularity is surrounded by an event horizon, which marks the boundary beyond which nothing can escape the gravitational pull of the black hole.

Hawking Radiation:

In 1974, physicist Stephen Hawking proposed that black holes emit radiation, now known as Hawking radiation. This theory challenged the traditional understanding that nothing, including light, could escape a black hole.

Hawking radiation is due to virtual particles that exist in the vacuum of space near the event horizon of a black hole. These particles are “created” from the energy of the black hole itself and are constantly appearing and disappearing near the event horizon.

When a virtual particle-antiparticle pair is created near the event horizon, one particle can be pulled towards the black hole while the other escapes as Hawking radiation. This process is known as “pair creation.” The escaping particle carries away some of the black hole’s energy and momentum, causing it to lose mass over time