Subsistence farming is a type of agriculture where farmers grow food primarily to meet the needs of themselves and their families, rather than for sale or trade. This form of farming is typically characterized by small-scale, labor-intensive practices, often utilizing traditional methods and tools.

Key Characteristics of Subsistence Farming:

1. Small Land Holdings: Farmers usually work on small plots of land, often less than a hectare.
2. Traditional Methods: Techniques and tools are often simple and have been passed down through generations.
3. Diverse Crops: A variety of crops are grown to ensure a balanced diet and reduce dependency on a single crop.
4. Minimal Surplus: Most of the produce is consumed by the farmer’s household, with little surplus for sale.

How Farmers Use Subsistence Farming to Fulfill Basic Needs:

1. Food Security: By growing a diverse range of crops such as grains, vegetables, and fruits, farmers ensure that their families have a stable and varied food supply throughout the year.
2. Livestock Integration: Farmers often keep livestock like chickens, goats, and cows, which provide additional food sources such as milk, eggs, and meat, as well as manure for fertilizing crops.
3. Resource Management: Farmers make efficient use of available resources, employing crop rotation, intercropping, and organic composting to maintain soil fertility and reduce the need for external inputs.
4. Self-Reliance: This type of farming fosters self-sufficiency, as farmers produce most of what they need, minimizing dependence on external markets and reducing vulnerability to price fluctuations and supply chain disruptions.
5. Community Sharing: In many subsistence farming communities, surplus produce is shared or bartered with neighbors, strengthening social bonds and mutual support.