The process of replication in eukaryotes involves the following steps:

1. Initiation:

    – The origin recognition complex (ORC) binds to the origin of replication.

    – The Mcm complex is recruited, and the double helix is unwound by helicases.

2. Unwinding:

    – The double helix is unwound by helicases, creating a replication fork.

    – Topoisomerase relaxes the tension in the DNA.

3. Synthesis:

    – DNA polymerase alpha (Pol α) begins synthesizing the leading strand.

    – DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) synthesizes the lagging strand in short, discontinuous segments (Okazaki fragments).

4. Elongation:

    – The leading strand is continuously synthesized.

    – The lagging strand is synthesized in short segments, which are later joined.

5. Ligation:

    – DNA ligase seals the gaps between the Okazaki fragments, forming a continuous strand.

6. Proofreading and editing:

    – DNA polymerase and other enzymes correct errors and ensure the new DNA is error-free.

7. Completion:

    – The replication fork closes, and the new DNA molecule is complete.

8. Separation:

    – The replicated chromosomes separate, each containing a complete copy of the genetic material.

This process is regulated by various proteins and enzymes, ensuring accurate and efficient replication of eukaryotic DNA.