Home/modern india
- Recent Questions
- Most Answered
- Answers
- No Answers
- Most Visited
- Most Voted
- Random
- Bump Question
- New Questions
- Sticky Questions
- Polls
- Followed Questions
- Favorite Questions
- Recent Questions With Time
- Most Answered With Time
- Answers With Time
- No Answers With Time
- Most Visited With Time
- Most Voted With Time
- Random With Time
- Bump Question With Time
- New Questions With Time
- Sticky Questions With Time
- Polls With Time
- Followed Questions With Time
- Favorite Questions With Time
Impact of British in Post- Independence India
With far reaching and long term effects on the deindustrialization of the subcontinent, this has been the working role of British economic policies in India. Major Policies Leading to Deindustrialization Bias Toward British Commodities: -British manufactured commodities were supported by Free TradeRead more
With far reaching and long term effects on the deindustrialization of the subcontinent, this has been the working role of British economic policies in India.
Major Policies Leading to Deindustrialization
Bias Toward British Commodities:
-British manufactured commodities were supported by Free Trade Policies of the British East India Company and the Crown. Indian industries, and in particular the textile, were most poorly and even inadequately protected from cheaper imported British commodities flooding into the Indian market.
Indian products were less competitive in global markets since they were high tariffed as they entered the British market.
-Exportation of raw materials:
To this end, India was developed into an industrial supplying nation of raw materials for industrial production in Britain, since it was the source of such raw materials as cotton, indigo, jute, etc. India as a home to manufacture was discouraged by these raw material productivities.
-Destruction of Traditional Industries:
Through their direct and indirect policies, British destroyed traditional Indian industries – textiles, handicrafts and shipbuilding in the east. This included:
Undercutting of Indian markets by cheaper British goods: This is what has been discussed above.
The British disrupted traditional supply chains – cast iron instead of glass, lead and steel replaced precious metals like silver and gold, artisans and craftsmen’s livelihoods were disrupted.
-There was absolutely no help or support from the British for the growth of Indian industries.
-Long-Term Implications:
Deindustrialization was extremely associated with India’s economic backwardness post independence. As a result, the economy failed because of a lack a strong industrial base which impeded growth and development.
-High dependence on Agriculture: Large part of the population was dependent on agriculture, so that the economy was vulnerable to droughts and other shocks of the agriculture.
Deindustrialization had some social and political consequences. Social unrest was produced and served as a fire for the nationalist movement against the British rule.
See lessImpact of British in Post- Independence India
British economic strategies in India played a pivotal role in the deindustrialization process by prioritizing the export of raw materials and hindering local manufacturing through the implementation of tariffs and infrastructure projects that were geared towards extraction rather than industrial expRead more
British economic strategies in India played a pivotal role in the deindustrialization process by prioritizing the export of raw materials and hindering local manufacturing through the implementation of tariffs and infrastructure projects that were geared towards extraction rather than industrial expansion. Consequently, this resulted in the decline of India’s once-thriving textile and handicraft sectors, displacing skilled craftsmen and fostering a reliance on Britain for economic sustenance. The long-lasting effects of these policies included a diminished industrial foundation in India following independence, which impeded efforts towards economic diversification and technological advancement.
Socially, the policies disrupted traditional means of livelihood and exacerbated poverty, setting the stage for future economic hardships. Ultimately, British policies solidified India’s role as a supplier of raw materials and a consumer of British products, shaping its economic landscape for years to come and leaving behind a legacy of industrial stagnation and reliance.
See lessDigital Marketing
Maximizing your online digital marketing strategy involves several key steps. Start by understanding your target audience deeply, including their behaviors, preferences, and pain points. Use this information to create compelling, tailored content that resonates with them. Leverage multiple channelsRead more
Maximizing your online digital marketing strategy involves several key steps. Start by understanding your target audience deeply, including their behaviors, preferences, and pain points. Use this information to create compelling, tailored content that resonates with them.
Leverage multiple channels to reach your audience where they are most active. This includes social media, email marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), and paid advertising. Consistency across these platforms helps build brand recognition and trust.
Data is your best friend. Use analytics tools to track the performance of your campaigns and understand what works and what doesn’t. Adjust your strategies based on these insights to continuously improve your results.
Engagement is crucial. Respond to comments, messages, and reviews promptly to foster a community around your brand. Utilize A/B testing to find the most effective content and ad formats.
Don’t forget about mobile optimization. With a significant portion of users accessing content on their smartphones, ensuring your website and ads are mobile-friendly is essential.
Lastly, keep up with the latest trends and technologies in digital marketing. The digital landscape is always evolving, so staying informed helps you stay ahead of the competition.
See lessModern History
The Permanent Settlement system, introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793, was implemented in British India primarily to stabilize revenue collection and encourage agricultural productivity. Several factors led to its introduction: 1. **Revenue Stability:** The British East India Company sought a prediRead more
The Permanent Settlement system, introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793, was implemented in British India primarily to stabilize revenue collection and encourage agricultural productivity. Several factors led to its introduction:
1. **Revenue Stability:** The British East India Company sought a predictable revenue stream to fund its operations and maintain control. The Permanent Settlement aimed to fix land revenue payments in perpetuity, providing stability to landlords and avoiding frequent revenue assessments.
2. **Encouragement of Investment:** By granting hereditary rights to landlords, the British hoped to incentivize them to invest in land improvements and agricultural productivity. They expected that secure property rights would lead to increased land development and thus higher revenue.
3. **Administrative Efficiency:** The settlement aimed to simplify revenue administration by reducing the need for constant reassessment and litigation over land revenue issues.
However, the consequences of the Permanent Settlement system were mixed:
1. **Landlord Dominance:** It entrenched the power and influence of landlords, often at the expense of tenant farmers who had insecure rights and were subject to exploitation.
2. **Agricultural Stagnation:** Instead of promoting productivity, landlords often focused on rent extraction, leading to agricultural stagnation in many areas.
3. **Social Inequality:** The system exacerbated social inequalities by concentrating wealth and power in the hands of a few landlords, perpetuating a feudal-like structure.
In summary, while the Permanent Settlement system aimed to stabilize revenue and encourage investment, its consequences included perpetuating social inequality, hindering agricultural progress, and consolidating landlord power, which shaped agrarian relations in India for decades to come.
See lessModern History
The Bhoodan (land gift) and Gramdan (village gift) movements, initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in post-independence India, aimed to address rural poverty, inequality, and promote social justice through voluntary land reforms. The objectives of these movements were multi-faceted: 1. **RedistributionRead more
The Bhoodan (land gift) and Gramdan (village gift) movements, initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in post-independence India, aimed to address rural poverty, inequality, and promote social justice through voluntary land reforms.
The objectives of these movements were multi-faceted:
1. **Redistribution of Land:** Bhoodan aimed to persuade wealthy landowners to voluntarily donate a portion of their land to landless farmers, thereby reducing landlessness and promoting economic equity.
2. **Village Self-Sufficiency:* Gramdan sought to achieve collective ownership and management of village resources, including land, water, and forests, to foster self-governance and sustainable development at the grassroots level.
3. **Social Transformation:** Both movements aimed to promote Gandhian principles of non-violence and self-reliance, encouraging a decentralized and egalitarian socio-economic structure in rural India.
The success of these movements was mixed:
– **Achievements:** They sparked significant public interest and received substantial support from rural communities and some landowners. Several lakh acres of land were donated under Bhoodan, benefiting numerous landless families.
– **Challenges:** However, challenges such as lack of follow-through in actual land distribution, bureaucratic hurdles, and resistance from vested interests limited their impact. The Gramdan concept faced implementation difficulties due to legal complexities and varying interpretations of collective ownership.
In conclusion, while the Bhoodan and Gramdan movements contributed to raising awareness about land reforms and rural development, their lasting success in achieving comprehensive socio-economic transformation remained constrained by practical challenges and systemic barriers.
See lessModern History
The economic policies of the British in India from the mid-eighteenth century till independence were characterized by exploitation, extraction, and systematic subjugation of the Indian economy for the benefit of Britain. Firstly, the British established monopolies over key industries such as textileRead more
The economic policies of the British in India from the mid-eighteenth century till independence were characterized by exploitation, extraction, and systematic subjugation of the Indian economy for the benefit of Britain.
Firstly, the British established monopolies over key industries such as textiles and handicrafts, undermining local industries and forcing India into a supplier of raw materials and a market for British manufactured goods.
Secondly, the imposition of heavy taxes, land revenue policies like the Permanent Settlement (in Bengal) and the Ryotwari System (in Madras and Bombay Presidencies), and the exploitation of agricultural resources led to widespread impoverishment and famines.
Thirdly, the British introduced discriminatory tariff policies that favored British goods over Indian products, stifling industrial development in India.
Fourthly, the drain of wealth through mechanisms like tribute payments, high salaries for British officials, and repatriation of profits back to Britain severely crippled India’s economic potential.
Lastly, infrastructure development under British rule primarily served colonial interests, such as the construction of railways and ports to facilitate resource extraction rather than holistic economic development.
Overall, British economic policies in India were exploitative and aimed at perpetuating colonial dominance, resulting in long-term economic stagnation and underdevelopment in many sectors.
See lessModern India
During the Gandhian phase of India's freedom struggle, women played a pivotal role that reshaped their societal roles and contributed significantly to the movement. They actively participated in civil disobedience campaigns like the Salt March and the Quit India Movement, demonstrating resilience anRead more
During the Gandhian phase of India’s freedom struggle, women played a pivotal role that reshaped their societal roles and contributed significantly to the movement. They actively participated in civil disobedience campaigns like the Salt March and the Quit India Movement, demonstrating resilience and leadership. Women such as Sarojini Naidu, Aruna Asaf Ali, and Kasturba Gandhi emerged as prominent figures, mobilizing masses and advocating for independence.
Women’s involvement extended beyond street protests; they organized underground movements, distributed nationalist literature, and played crucial roles in boycott movements against British goods. Their participation in the Non-Cooperation Movement, Quit India Movement, and various protests highlighted their commitment to freedom and self-determination.
Moreover, Gandhi’s emphasis on women’s participation in public life and his support for gender equality spurred social reform and empowerment. Women’s contributions during this phase laid the foundation for their continued involvement in post-independence nation-building efforts, education, and politics.
See less