Several international agreements and policies aim to address climate change, with varying degrees of success:

1. Kyoto Protocol (1997): This treaty committed industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It set binding targets but faced criticism for not including developing countries and for its limited enforcement mechanisms. Despite these challenges, it laid the groundwork for future agreements.
2. Paris Agreement (2015): This landmark accord brought together almost every nation to combat climate change. Countries committed to limiting global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with an aspirational goal of 1.5°C. The agreement emphasizes nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and regular progress reviews. While the Paris Agreement has galvanized global climate action, many countries’ pledges are still insufficient to meet its targets.
3. COP Conferences: The Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings, such as COP21 (Paris) and COP26 (Glasgow), are annual gatherings where countries review progress and negotiate new commitments. These conferences have been instrumental in maintaining momentum and fostering international collaboration.
4. European Green Deal: The European Union’s policy aims for carbon neutrality by 2050. It includes measures to reduce emissions, promote green energy, and support sustainable agriculture and industry. The Green Deal has made significant strides in policy implementation and funding but faces challenges in balancing economic and environmental goals.

Overall, while these agreements have spurred action and raised awareness, achieving their goals requires more ambitious and coordinated global efforts.