The future of secularism in India amidst the rising dominance of Hindu nationalism in the 21st century is a subject of significant debate. Secularism, as enshrined in the Indian Constitution, mandates equal treatment of all religions by the state. However, the growing influence of Hindu nationalism, driven by political movements and parties advocating for a Hindu-centric identity, challenges this principle.

In this environment, secularism faces pressures from efforts to redefine Indian identity in predominantly Hindu terms. This has led to increased polarization and concerns about the marginalization of religious minorities. The tension between a secular state and the push for a Hindu Rashtra (Hindu nation) has sparked debates on the nature of Indian democracy and pluralism.

Despite these challenges, India’s deep-rooted tradition of religious diversity and its democratic framework provide resilience. Secularism’s future will likely depend on how effectively it can adapt to contemporary realities while upholding its core principles. The judiciary, civil society, and political opposition play critical roles in safeguarding secular values. Ultimately, the future of secularism in India will hinge on the collective commitment of its institutions and citizens to maintaining the balance between religious freedom and state neutrality.