World Health Organization (WHO) defines Climate change as the long term changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, which can have significant impacts on human health, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Socio economic impacts of Climate change –

1. Rising sea levels , flooding and extreme weather events damage infrastructure.example-Miami Beach flooding due to sea level rise costing $400 million annually.
2. Climate related disruptions impact trade ,commerce and economic growth.example-Indian drought in 2019 reduced cotton production, affecting textile industry.
3. Increased disease, transmission,heat stress and mental health issues.example-Typhoid fever increase associated with climate-driven water scarcity in Zimbabwe.
4. Rising sea level, drought and extreme weather events forces people to migrate.example -In West Bengal 70,000+ people were displaced due to sea level rise and coastal erosion.
5. Climate change threatens cultural heritage and traditional livelihoods . example -Floods and landslides damage ancient Vijayanagara Empire ruins.
6. Climate related stress reduces agricultural productivity and work efficiency.

Steps taken by government at National and Global level –

1. National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) enhances ecological sustainability .
2. Reducing Emissions Intensity by 45% as compared to 2005 levels .
3. Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) promotes a healthy, low consumption, and sustainable lifestyle.
4. G20 Leadership focuses on climate finance, energy security, and green hydrogen .
5. Just Transition Energy Partnership framework for phasing out coal.

India’s efforts demonstrate a proactive approach to mitigating climate change impacts. Continued collaboration between government, civil society, and the private sector is crucial for achieving a climate resilient future.