The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, and the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978, made significant changes to the Indian Constitution. Here are the key amendments:

42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (1976)

1. Emergency Provisions: The amendment inserted Article 352A to provide for a six-month time limit for declaring a national emergency, and Article 352B to restrict the President’s power to proclaim a state of national emergency.
2. Supreme Court’s Power: The amendment strengthened the Supreme Court’s power by allowing it to review the validity of laws and government orders.
3. Fundamental Rights: The amendment added Article 31-C to provide that the State can acquire any property for a public purpose, subject to payment of compensation.
4. Finance Commission: The amendment established the Finance Commission to review the financial needs of states and recommend grants-in-aid.

44th Constitutional Amendment Act (1978)

1. Right to Property: The amendment deleted Article 31 from the Constitution, effectively removing property as a fundamental right. This change was aimed at preventing the misuse of this right by private individuals and corporations.
2. Right to Education: The amendment added Article 45A, which directed the State to provide free and compulsory education for all children until they complete their elementary education.
3. Fiduciary Relationships: The amendment introduced a new clause in Article 253 to regulate fiduciary relationships, such as trusts and charities.
4. Consequential Amendments: The amendment made several consequential changes to other articles, including Articles 11, 19, and 25, to reflect the changes introduced in other articles.

In summary, the 42nd Amendment Act strengthened the Supreme Court’s powers, introduced new provisions related to emergencies and finance, and made changes to fundamental rights. The 44th Amendment Act removed property as a fundamental right, introduced a new right to education, and regulated fiduciary relationships. These amendments aimed to modernize and refine the Indian Constitution, making it more effective in promoting social and economic development.