World Between the Two World Wars

Asked: July 16, 2024In: Post-World War II Effects, World Between the Two World Wars, World History, World War I, World War II

what is the main reason behind world war 1 and world war 2

Shaik Sumayyah Begginer

Added an answer on July 18, 2024 at 8:39 pm

The causes of World War I and World War II are complex and multifaceted, influenced by a combination of political, economic, social, and historical factors. Here’s a brief overview of the main reasons behind each war: World War I (1914-1918) Alliance Systems: Europe was divided into two major militRead more

The causes of World War I and World War II are complex and multifaceted, influenced by a combination of political, economic, social, and historical factors. Here’s a brief overview of the main reasons behind each war:

World War I (1914-1918)

Alliance Systems: Europe was divided into two major military alliances—Triple Entente (France, Russia, and Britain) and Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). The complex web of alliances meant that a conflict involving one nation could quickly escalate into a continental war.
Imperialism: European powers competed for colonies and global dominance, leading to tensions and rivalries, particularly in Africa and Asia.
Nationalism: Intense nationalism and ethnic rivalries fueled a desire for independence and territorial expansion among various ethnic groups within empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: The assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, by a Serbian nationalist in June 1914, triggered a series of diplomatic crises and ultimatums that eventually led to the outbreak of war.

World War II (1939-1945)

Treaty of Versailles: The harsh terms imposed on Germany after WWI, including territorial losses, reparations, and military restrictions, created economic hardship and a sense of humiliation, fostering resentment and extremism.
Rise of Totalitarian Regimes: Adolf Hitler’s Nazi regime in Germany and Benito Mussolini’s fascist regime in Italy sought to expand their territories, promote nationalistic ideologies, and establish authoritarian control.
Appeasement and Aggression: Western democracies initially pursued a policy of appeasement toward Nazi Germany’s territorial expansionism, emboldening Hitler and ultimately failing to prevent conflict.
Failure of Collective Security: The League of Nations, established after WWI to prevent future conflicts, proved ineffective in stopping aggression and maintaining peace, especially in the face of Japanese expansion in Asia and Italian aggression in Africa.
Economic Depression: The Great Depression of the 1930s exacerbated existing economic tensions, leading to increased militarization and competition for resources.

In summary, both World War I and World War II were the result of a complex interplay of factors including alliances, imperialism, nationalism, economic conditions, and the actions of authoritarian regimes. Each war had its unique catalysts and triggers, but they shared common themes of power struggles, territorial ambitions, and the failure of international diplomacy to prevent widespread conflict.

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Asked: July 18, 2024In: Architecture, Art & Culture, British Governance, British Policies in India, Decolonization, Demography, Ethics, Freedom Movement, Governance, Growth of Nationalism in India (1858-1905), Indian Society, International Relations, Modern History Events Before 1857, Modern India, Nationalist Movements in Asia & Africa, Political Philosophies, Post-independence India, Post-World War II Effects, Poverty & Developmental issues, Religion & Philosophy, Salient features of Indian Society, Social and Cultural Policy, Social Issues of Independent India, Socio-economic Issues, Socio-Religious Reforms, Teachings of Great Leaders, Reformers & Administrators, World After 1945, World History

Impact of colonialism on the Indian culture

Rajal Patel Begginer

Added an answer on July 18, 2024 at 2:36 pm

The impact of colonialism on Indian culture can be viewed through both positive and negative lenses: Positive impact : 1. **Education and Modernization**: Colonialism introduced modern education systems which led to the spread of knowledge, science, and technology in India. 2. **Infrastructure DevelRead more

The impact of colonialism on Indian culture can be viewed through both positive and negative lenses:

Positive impact :

1. **Education and Modernization**: Colonialism introduced modern education systems which led to the spread of knowledge, science, and technology in India.

2. **Infrastructure Development**: The British invested in infrastructure like railways, telegraphs, and irrigation systems, which facilitated communication and transportation across the country.

3. **Legal and Administrative Systems**: The British introduced a unified legal system and administrative framework, which laid the foundation for governance in post-colonial India.

4. **Cultural Exchange**: Colonialism brought about a cultural exchange where Indian and Western cultures interacted, leading to the adoption of certain ideas, practices, and institutions.

Negative Impacts:

1. **Economic Exploitation**: The British colonial rule drained India’s wealth through economic policies that favored British interests, leading to impoverishment and exploitation of resources.

2. **Social and Cultural Degradation**: Colonial policies undermined traditional Indian social structures and cultural practices, leading to loss of confidence in indigenous systems.

3. **Language and Education**: The imposition of English as the primary medium of education and administration marginalized indigenous languages and cultures.

4. **Identity and Self-Esteem**: Colonialism contributed to a sense of inferiority complex among Indians regarding their own culture and heritage.

In summary, while colonialism brought certain modern advancements and infrastructure to India, it also had severe negative impacts on Indian culture, economy, and society. The legacy of colonialism continues to shape India’s development and cultural identity in complex ways.

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Asked: July 13, 2024In: Accountability & Ethical Governance, Achievements of Indians, Agriculture, Ethics & Human Interface, Ethics Case Studies, Europe after World War II, Evolution of Civil Services, Evolution of Police System, External Sector, Farm Subsidies & Food Security, Foreign Policy of Independent India, Forest Resources, Foundational Values for Civil Service, Fundamental Rights, Geophysical Phenomena, Government Budgeting & Public Finance, Government Policies in Various Sectors, Growth of Militant Nationalism & Revolutionary Activities (1905-1918), Harappan Architecture, Health, Sanitation & Nutrition, History of Constitution, Human Geography, Human Values, Important International Institutions, Inclusive Growth & Economic Development, Indian Economy, Indian Geography, Indigenous People, Infrastructure, Intellectual Property Rights, Investment Models, IT & Computers, Judiciary, Laws, Rules, Regulations & Conscience, Manufacturing Sector, Medieval & Indo-Islamic Architecture, Military Under the British, Mineral & Energy Resources, Ministries & Departments, Mobilization of Resources, Modern History Events Before 1857, Money-Laundering, Moral Thinkers & Philosophers, Nano-technology, Nationalism in Europe, Nationalist Movements in Asia & Africa, Oceanography, Parliament & State legislatures, Peasant Movements, Physiography of India, Political Philosophies, Population & Associated Issues, Post-Mauryan Architecture, Poverty & Developmental issues, Preparation Guide, Pressure Groups & Other Associations, Public Distribution System, Quality of Service Delivery, Regional & Global groupings & agreements, Religion & Philosophy, Role of Civil Services in a Democracy, Role of External State & Non-state Actors, Role of Family Society & Educational Institutions, Russian Revolution, Science & Technology, Science & Technology Since Independence, Secularism, Security Forces & Agencies, Service Sector, Social and Cultural Policy, Social Issues of Independent India, Social Justice, Socio-Religious Reforms, Soil Geography, Statutory, regulatory & various quasi-judicial bodies, Storage, Transport & Marketing in Agriculture, Sustainable Development, Temple Architecture, The collapse of Soviet Union, Transgender, Transparency in Government: Right to Information, Citizen’s Charters, Transport & Communication, Tsunami, Urbanization, Utilization of Public Funds, Water Resources, Women, Working Class Movements, World After 1945, World Between 1890 to World War I, World Geography, World History

What should be do for preparation of entrance?

Vikas Batra Begginer

Added an answer on July 16, 2024 at 2:21 pm

At first understand the entramce exam pattern After that understand the syllabus Make a schedule and start working hard and smart work is also necessary leave the rest of the gods.

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Asked: July 12, 2024In: World Between the Two World Wars

The Great Depression (1929-34) was attended by momentous consequences in the economic as well as in the political sphere. Describe the New Deal of Franklin D.Roosevelt, did he attempt to introduce a sort of socialism?

Ritika Sharma Learner

Added an answer on July 16, 2024 at 12:20 pm

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The Great Depression started after a major fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929, and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of OctobRead more

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The Great Depression started after a major fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929, and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday.

Economic And Political Consequences Of Great Depression

The Great Depression had devastating effects on both rich and poor countries. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade fell by more than 50%. Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide gross domestic product (GDP) fell by an estimated 15%. In the political sphere, the great depression was considered as one of the prominent causes for the rise of totalitarian regimes that led to world war 2.

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES	POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES
Apart from the decline in personal incomes and tax revenues, depression has also caused a severe collapse of international trade. Both industrialized nations and raw materials exporting countries are affected. It also led to the end of gold standards and countries moved to a fixed exchange system.	The political consequences of the great depression are equally devastating. In countries like Japan and Germany economic losses created a stage for the rise of militarist governments. Japan invaded China and developed mines and industries in Manchuria thinking that this would relieve it from depression.
The great depression caused massive unemployment as factories closed down, due to lack of demand. Wages for existing employees were scaled down leading to a decrease in the standard of living.	Towards the end of the Great Depression, and the exceeding amount of dictators had the power to rise. Tired of constant suffering, people called for strong leaders and governments that can fix these problems. Stalin, Mussolini, and Hitler promised their citizens a bright future however once they recognized the power they were longing for they became dictators and ruled their countries by force.
The Great Depression resulted in the breakdown of financial machinery in the developed world, especially the USA. Banks were put in a shaky position, having themselves speculated unsuccessfully. This factor coupled with bank runs by millions of people led to many banks declaring bankruptcy and closure.	Massive unemployment and poverty coupled with anger made people put into power extreme nationalistic right-wing governments which then turned into dictatorships. 25 countries became dictatorships between 1929 and 1939.
The economies of Europe that were still recovering from the aftermath of World war 1 induced disruption, were severely affected by the Great depression. Most of these economies were dependent on short term loans given by the USA. The US stopped giving these loans and called for payment of loans, creating massive tremors in the European economy, particularly Germany.	In the atmosphere of cut-throat economic trade, the answer of countries like Japan & Italy was to build an empire – this would secure their supplies of raw materials and natural resources. Countries like Japan ( Manchuria ), Italy ( Abyssinia ) and Germany (eastern Europe), therefore, set about building an empire creating international conflict and tension.
Stock market crashes in the USA also personally ruined many millions of investors who had paid high prices for the shares. Most of these shares are bought through credit. Thus creditors also lost heavily. Both banks and creditors losing money, credit supply in the market fell drastically.	Major European powers of the day France and the UK were also suffering. This is one of the reasons why these countries did not send armies to Manchuria or impose sanctions on Italy. They also wanted to avoid another war at any cost, thus taking the route of appeasement of Hilter. The ultimate result of all these intervening consequences was world war 2.

New Deal Of FDR

The new deal is a set of economic and social welfare measures taken by president Roosevelt to tackle the great depression and revive the American economy. Based on Keynesian principles of state spending, this policy is credited with creating massive employment and preventing further decline in the economy. The new deal was introduced with three aims:

Relief: To give direct help to poverty-stricken millions who were without food and homes. To fulfil this aim several steps like starting soup kitchens, loans for households in danger of losing their homes, slum clearance and building new homes etc. were taken up. To provide agricultural relief, a farmers relief act was passed where the government paid compensation to farmers who produced less. The social security act was passed to provide old-age pensions and unemployment insurance.
Recovery: The objective of this aim is to reduce unemployment, stimulate the demand for goods, and get the economy moving again. With this aim in mind several steps like The Civilian Conservation Corps, passing of The National Industrial Recovery Act, the establishment of FEMA, The works progress Administration were taken up.
Recovery: The intention behind this aim is to take steps to prevent a repeat of the economic disaster. Numerous financial and banking sector reforms like creation of SEC to regulate stock markets, providing insurance to depositors money. Apart from this, several reform measures to improve working conditions like The Wagner Act, Fair labour standards Act were passed. Under the Wagner Act, trade unions were given the legal foundation and the right to bargain with management.

Did New Deal Introduce Socialism?

The major criticism against the new deal came from businessmen who accused FDR of encouraging socialism. State governments also resented the extent to which the federal government was interfering in state affairs, effectively harming the federal spirit and centralizing the governance. However, a close look at the new deal and its implications are necessary to come to a definitive conclusion on this aspect.

The new deal was accused of being socialist because of measures taken by Roosevelt like increase in taxation, regulations of wages and working hours, liberalization and giving excessive powers of bargaining to trade unions.
He also introduced social welfare measures like old-age pensions and unemployment insurance schemes. Steps like government support to industries and government taking over of banks temporarily were seen by critics as the socialization of the USA.
While these policies made critics allege that the president is appeasing the left, socialists in the democratic party and outside were also not happy with the president, as they felt the measures of the new deal were not radical enough. Left felt that too much power was still left in the hands of big business.

Fdr Rationale For Socialistic Policies

While the accusations and counter-accusations about the new deal being socialistic and not being socialistic enough were running thick and fast, FDR himself stated, “I am fighting Communism… I want to save our system, the capitalist system…”
The measures of a new deal which has socialistic leaning were introduced when US capitalism was in a huge slump, and workers’ struggles and radical dissent were running at a high pitch. The measures were victories for those struggles and for that dissent, but they were far short of socialism, meaning the social ownership and democratic control of the majority industry and banks.
Roosevelt pointed out that to save capitalism from chaos… it was necessary… to grant to the American working class the much-belated economic concessions which the fellow workers in the advanced European countries had obtained in struggle years and decades before.
The national mood amid depression is gradually turning left, with radical left-leaning politicians gaining ground at local and state elections and gradually gaining popularity at the national level.
Sensing danger to the very political foundation of America, FDR co-opted left. Roosevelt shifted to the left in rhetoric and, to some extent, in policy, consciously seeking to steal the thunder of his populist critics.

As FDR himself stated, the goal of the new deal is to save capitalism from communism. Thus the new deal is pragmatic and is intended to do two birds with one stone. It aims to revive the American economy while also fighting back the rising radical left-wing in American politics. While many European nations doing the same turned into fascist and totalitarian governments, FDR tactically co-opted the left to preserve capitalism. The biggest consequence of this co-opting left is it gave rise to the Welfare state model of polity that is widely followed now across the world.

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Asked: July 13, 2024In: World Between the Two World Wars

what were the impact of both world war in india

Neeta Sawant Begginer

Added an answer on July 14, 2024 at 1:29 pm

The First and Second World Wars had serious effects on India; major roles were played, and influential economic, geographic, and historic changes were created. In the First World War, more than a million Indian soldiers served in support of the British Empire; tens of thousands lost their lives. ThiRead more

The First and Second World Wars had serious effects on India; major roles were played, and influential economic, geographic, and historic changes were created. In the First World War, more than a million Indian soldiers served in support of the British Empire; tens of thousands lost their lives. This sacrifice led to increased demands for independence from India, as Indians began demanding political concessions in return for their support. Economically, the War drained Indian resources and gave the country higher taxes and inflation. During World War II, more than 2.5 million Indian soldiers fought for the Allies, which made India one of the largest contributors of military forces in the Allied Nations. As had happened in World War I, the war effort put a strain on India’s economy: shortages and the devastating Bengal Famine of 1943 ensued, killing millions. On the other side, it gave impetus to industrial growth, as India had to turn out war-related material. Geographically, the wars changed the infrastructure of India, as new railroads and roads were constructed for the military to move around. Historically, these wars added pressure for independence. The Quit India Movement in 1942 was related to the involvement of India in World War II. After the war, Britain was weakened and so full of debt that it could hardly control anything, which especially led to the independence of India in 1947. It is out of massive inputs and sacrifices in wars that India’s path to independence was played, with various changes economically, geographically, and historically.

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Asked: July 13, 2024In: Art & Culture, World Between the Two World Wars

Art and Culture

Nomad Begginer

Added an answer on July 13, 2024 at 4:32 pm

Migration acts like a cultural melting pot, creating a vibrant "world between the two." Migrants bring their traditions, languages, and customs, blending them with the existing culture. This forms a unique space where new traditions and identities emerge, like art or music that reflects both heritagRead more

Migration acts like a cultural melting pot, creating a vibrant “world between the two.” Migrants bring their traditions, languages, and customs, blending them with the existing culture. This forms a unique space where new traditions and identities emerge, like art or music that reflects both heritages. As migrants adapt to their new home, they might modify their own traditions and even influence the dominant culture, challenging norms and fostering a more inclusive society. Imagine a bridge connecting two cultures – migration allows a constant flow of ideas, people, and traditions across this bridge, creating a constantly evolving space where both cultures are present but transformed. From fusion cuisine to new fashion trends, the “world between the two” is a testament to the power of migration in shaping a richer, more interconnected world.

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Asked: July 13, 2024In: Comparison of Constitutions, Concept of Public Service, Constitutional Bodies, Constitutional Development (1773-1858), Constitutional Development (1858-1947), Corporate Governance, Development of Indian Press, Elections & Representation of People’s Act, Emergence of the Soviet Union, Ethical & Moral Values in Governance, Urbanization, World History

why do you think india is still a developing country??

Adivk Rawat Begginer

Added an answer on July 13, 2024 at 2:42 pm

There are several reasons why India is still considered a developing country by various international organizations, despite its rapid economic growth and significant strides in various sectors. Here are some possible reasons: Economic indicators: While India's GDP has grown rapidly, it still lags bRead more

There are several reasons why India is still considered a developing country by various international organizations, despite its rapid economic growth and significant strides in various sectors. Here are some possible reasons:

Economic indicators: While India’s GDP has grown rapidly, it still lags behind many developed countries in terms of per capita GDP, which is a key indicator of economic development. According to the World Bank, India’s GDP per capita was around $2,100 in 2020, which is lower than many developed countries.
Income inequality: India has a significant income inequality problem, with a large portion of the population living below the poverty line (around 22% of the population). This means that while some individuals and groups are doing well, many others are not sharing in the benefits of growth.
Human development indicators: India’s human development indices, such as life expectancy, infant mortality rates, and education levels, are still below those of many developed countries. According to the UNDP’s Human Development Index (HDI), India ranked 130th out of 189 countries in 2020.
Infrastructure and public services: India’s infrastructure, such as roads, transportation networks, and public services like healthcare and education, still have significant gaps and weaknesses. This can hinder economic growth and make it difficult for people to access basic services.
Corruption and governance: Corruption remains a significant challenge in India, with high levels of bribery and corruption affecting various sectors, including business, politics, and administration. Good governance is essential for effective economic development.
Regional disparities: India is a large and diverse country with significant regional disparities in terms of economic development, infrastructure, and access to opportunities. Some regions, such as the southern states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, are more developed than others.
Global context: The global economy is constantly evolving, and India’s growth may be influenced by factors outside its control, such as global trade policies, climate change, and technological disruptions.
Institutional constraints: India’s institutional framework, including its bureaucracy and regulatory environment, can sometimes be slow to adapt to changing circumstances or hinder innovation and entrepreneurship.
Skills gap: While India has a large workforce, there is a shortage of skilled workers in certain areas, such as technology and specialized industries.
Socio-cultural factors: India’s socio-cultural context can also influence its development trajectory. For example, social norms around gender roles, education, and family planning can impact economic outcomes.

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Asked: July 11, 2024In: World Between the Two World Wars, World War I, World War II

World Wars and the common man

Rohini Singh Begginer

Added an answer on July 11, 2024 at 12:53 pm

That's an interesting and profound question about the impact of World Wars on the everyday lives of ordinary people. The World Wars of the 20th century were truly transformative events that reshaped society in profound ways, often with dramatic consequences for the common man and woman. On one levelRead more

That’s an interesting and profound question about the impact of World Wars on the everyday lives of ordinary people. The World Wars of the 20th century were truly transformative events that reshaped society in profound ways, often with dramatic consequences for the common man and woman.

On one level, the World Wars brought immense human suffering and disruption to the lives of civilians. Millions of people were killed, injured, or displaced by the fighting, bombing, and social upheaval. Families were torn apart, livelihoods were destroyed, and the psychological trauma affected generations. The scale of the devastation was unimaginable to most people before these conflicts.

At the same time, the World Wars also catalyzed significant social change and progress. The mobilization of entire populations for the war effort eroded many traditional hierarchies and power structures. Women took on new roles in industry and the workforce, gaining more economic and political independence. Marginalized groups asserted their rights and demanded greater inclusion. The postwar period saw the rise of new social welfare programs, worker protections, and universal suffrage in many countries.

The World Wars also accelerated technological development, from weapons and vehicles to medicines and communications. These advancements eventually filtered down to improve the lives of average citizens, through things like affordable cars, household appliances, and improved healthcare.

So in many ways, the World Wars had a deeply disruptive and traumatic impact on the common people caught in the midst of them. But they also served as catalysts for fundamental social, economic, and political transformations that ultimately elevated the lives of ordinary people in many parts of the world.

It’s a complex legacy – one of immense suffering but also progress. The experiences and sacrifices of the common men and women during those times have reverberated through history and shaped the modern world we live in today. It’s an important story to reflect on and learn from. Let me know if you have any other thoughts or questions on this topic.

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Asked: June 24, 2024In: World Between the Two World Wars

Critically evaluate the role of the League of Nations in maintaining international peace after the First World War.

Kunal Tiwari Learner

Added an answer on July 8, 2024 at 10:53 am

The Paris Peace Conference held after the end of WWI, established the League of Nations. The primary objectives of the League were to promote international peace and security by settling international disputes through principle of collective security and to seek international cooperation for socio-eRead more

The Paris Peace Conference held after the end of WWI, established the League of Nations. The primary objectives of the League were to promote international peace and security by settling international disputes through principle of collective security and to seek international cooperation for socio-economic development across the world.

Role of the League of Nations in maintaining International peace

Resolution of international disputes: The League sought to peacefully resolve territorial disputes between the members. For instance, it persuaded Greece to pay compensation to Bulgaria, when the former invaded the latter.
- It also solved a territorial dispute between Peru and Columbia.
- In 1921, when there was a dispute regarding Upper Silesia between Germany and Poland, the League successfully made both the parties reach a settlement and Upper Silesia was partitioned between the two.
Opium trade and plight of refugees: The League also worked to combat the international trade in opium and sexual slavery and helped alleviate the plight of refugees, particularly in Turkey in the period to 1926. One of its innovations in this area was its 1922 introduction of the Nansen passport, which was the first internationally recognised identity card for stateless refugees.
Monitoring the Governance of Mandates: The Permanent Mandates Commission supervised League of Nations mandates, and also organised plebiscites in disputed territories like SAAR region of Germany, so that residents could decide which country they would join.
Promotion of human welfare: The League’s Health organization played a key role in finding causes of different epidemics. It was especially successful in combating the Typhus epidemic in Russia which had the potential to spread to the rest of Europe.

However, the League had certain limitations like:

It had limited success in preserving international peace as it failed to intervene in many conflicts leading up to World War II, including the Italian invasion of Abyssinia, the Spanish Civil War, and the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Further, the League was powerless and mostly silent in the face of major events leading to World War II such as Hitler’s remilitarisation of the Rhineland, occupation of the Sudetenland and Anschluss with Austria, which had been forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles.
General weaknesses within the organization, such as voting structure that made ratifying resolutions difficult and incomplete representation among world nations.
Additionally, the power of the League was limited by the United States’ refusal to join.

Thus, though the organization managed to de-escalate some tensions between nations and contributed to the concept of international law, the League was unable to prevent member nations from starting World War II.

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Asked: July 2, 2024In: World Between the Two World Wars

Post World War I, the Treaty of Versailles sowed the seeds for another, even greater war. Discuss.

Shyamlal Sharma Learner

Added an answer on July 4, 2024 at 6:17 am

In World War I, Allied powers defeated Central powers and as a result the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 was concluded. Though termed as a peace treaty, its provisions were considered unfair and humiliating for Germany. It laid down the foundations of an even greater war i.e. World War II due to folloRead more

In World War I, Allied powers defeated Central powers and as a result the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 was concluded. Though termed as a peace treaty, its provisions were considered unfair and humiliating for Germany. It laid down the foundations of an even greater war i.e. World War II due to following provisions:

Imposed treaty: This Treaty is considered as a dictated peace on Germany, as the Germans were not allowed in the discussions at Versailles. They were asked to sign it without voicing their concerns.
War indemnity: Germany was held guilty of aggression and was asked to pay a huge amount of money as war indemnity. This was to ensure that Germany would have a crippled economy and not threaten Britain and France.
Loss of territory: Germany had to give Alsace-Lorraine to France. Parts of its territories were given to Belgium, Denmark, Poland and Lithuania. It also had to cede its overseas colonies in China, Pacific and Africa to the Allied nations.
Demilitarisation of Rhineland: Rhineland, the land between France and Germany, was demilitarised and brought under the control of the Allied powers.
Loss of control of Saar Valley: The coal rich Saar Valley of Germany was to be governed by France and Britain under the mandate of League of Nations for 15 years.
Disarmament: The German army was disbanded and restricted to 100,000 soldiers, its navy to six cruisers and a few smaller vessels. It also could not have planes, tanks and submarines. Conscription was also banned.
Union with Austria was forbidden to ensure that Germany doesn’t become a powerful state again.

Thus, the provisions of the Treaty were extremely harsh on Germany. It shattered Germany politically, economically and militarily. The German populace and the leaders blamed reparations for their economic ills, which were exacerbated by the Great Depression of 1929. Ultimately, it destabilised the Weimar Republic of Germany. Further, due to lasting resentment against the Versailles Treaty, the Nazi Party and other radical political outfits were able to gain support in the 1920s and early 1930s by promising to overturn its harsh provisions and make Germany a major European power. Eventually, Adolf Hitler came to power and denounced the Treaty of Versailles. Germany stopped paying war reparations, armed itself at a rapid pace, drifted towards extreme nationalism and began an expansionist foreign policy. Thus, peace and order established by the Treaty of Versailles was short-lived and prepared a strong ground for World War II. However, apart from the Treaty of Versailles, various other major factors played a significant role in triggering World War II. Failure of the League of Nations, appeasement policy of Britain and France towards Germany despite its aggressive foreign policy, non-aggression pact between USSR and Germany, rise of fascism in Italy and Japan etc. cumulatively led to the outbreak of World War II.

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World Between the Two World Wars