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World Between 1890 to World War I

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Home/World History/World Between 1890 to World War I/Page 5

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 10, 2024In: ,
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Contextual Background Brief overview of the two World Wars. Importance of understanding causes for historical analysis. Thesis Statement Outline the extent of Germany’s responsibility for both wars while acknowledging other contributing factors. Body Section 1: Germany’s Role in World War I Militarism and Alliances Germany’s ...

upsc: world war iupsc: world war ii
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The two World Wars were monumental conflicts that reshaped the global landscape, resulting in immense loss of life. While Germany played a crucial role in both wars, attributing sole responsibility to the nation is an oversimplification of the complex causes behind these coRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The two World Wars were monumental conflicts that reshaped the global landscape, resulting in immense loss of life. While Germany played a crucial role in both wars, attributing sole responsibility to the nation is an oversimplification of the complex causes behind these conflicts.

    World War I

    Germany’s Role

    Germany was a key member of the Central Powers, allied with Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Germany’s backing of Austria-Hungary contributed significantly to the war’s escalation (Keegan, 1998).

    Complex Causes

    The origins of World War I stem from a complex interplay of factors, including militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism among European powers. These dynamics created a volatile environment where many nations share responsibility for the war’s outbreak (Strachan, 2001).

    The “Blank Cheque”

    Germany’s decision to offer Austria-Hungary a “blank cheque” of unconditional support was pivotal in escalating the conflict, but it should not be viewed as the sole cause of the war. The existing tensions among multiple nations played an equally critical role.

    World War II

    Germany’s Aggression

    Under Adolf Hitler, Nazi Germany adopted aggressive expansionist policies, culminating in the invasion of Poland in 1939. This act triggered declarations of war by Britain and France, marking the start of World War II (Bullock, 1991).

    Treaty of Versailles

    The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, imposed harsh penalties on Germany, fostering resentment and economic hardship. This environment facilitated Hitler’s rise and the Nazi Party’s emergence (Mombauer, 2013).

    Policy of Appeasement

    The policy of appeasement adopted by Britain and France allowed Hitler to pursue his aggressive policies unchecked for too long, significantly contributing to the war’s outbreak (Pape, 2005).

    Other Contributing Factors

    Additionally, the global economic depression, nationalism, and unresolved issues from World War I played vital roles in the lead-up to World War II (Tooze, 2006).

    Conclusion

    While Germany was undeniably a significant actor in both World Wars, it is crucial to understand that these conflicts arose from a multitude of factors involving several nations. The complex interplay of militarism, alliances, and nationalism in World War I, along with the Treaty of Versailles and the policy of appeasement in World War II, all contributed to the wars’ outbreaks. Thus, it is an oversimplification to hold Germany solely responsible for causing both World Wars.

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Aroma Nandigam
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Aroma NandigamBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In:
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What were the main causes and outcomes of the Russian Revolution of 1917?

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  1. Neeta Sawant
    Neeta Sawant Begginer

    The most crucial triggers for the Russian Revolution of 1917 had been: deep dissatisfaction with the authoritarian rule of Tsar Nicholas II and the extreme hardships because of the First World War. Peasants suffered from bad residing conditions and absence of get admission to to land, regularly spurRead more

    The most crucial triggers for the Russian Revolution of 1917 had been: deep dissatisfaction with the authoritarian rule of Tsar Nicholas II and the extreme hardships because of the First World War. Peasants suffered from bad residing conditions and absence of get admission to to land, regularly spurred by way of expanded violence. Workers faced low wages and brutal operating conditions. Similarly, the battle destabilized property, led to food shortages and navy defeats, and public discontent. The predominant levels of the revolution are: the February Revolution and the October Revolution. Mass protests and moves in February forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate, ending centuries of Romanov rule. Some period in-between government intervened however did no longer end the warfare or clear up most important troubles, specifically dealing with violence. In October, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government in a near-cold coup. They promised “peace, land and bread” and aimed to create a socialist country. The consequences covered Russia’s withdrawal from World War I, a brutal civil warfare with some Red (Bolshevik) and White (anti-Bolshevik) forces, and the introduction of the Soviet Union below prolonged communism.

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Pranjal shekh
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Pranjal shekhBegginer
Asked: July 30, 2024In:
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Examine the soldiers’ experiences in the trenches and how trench warfare affected the character of fighting.

upss: world war i
  1. Babita Singh
    Babita Singh Begginer

    The experiences of soldiers in the trenches during World War I were marked by prolonged exposure to danger, filth, and boredom, with frequent periods of intense violence and trauma. The impact of trench warfare on the nature of combat was profound, shaping the way armies fought, the psychology of soRead more

    The experiences of soldiers in the trenches during World War I were marked by prolonged exposure to danger, filth, and boredom, with frequent periods of intense violence and trauma. The impact of trench warfare on the nature of combat was profound, shaping the way armies fought, the psychology of soldiers, and the consequences of war.

    Physical and Mental Challenges:

    • Living Conditions: Trenches were often damp, dirty, and infested with vermin, making them a breeding ground for disease.
    • Physical Labor: Soldiers were required to perform arduous physical labor, such as digging, hauling, and repairing trenches, in addition to fighting.
    • Mental Fatigue: The constant threat of death, the smell of decay, and the lack of sleep took a toll on soldiers’ mental health.
    • Fear and Anxiety: The uncertainty of when and where attacks would occur created a sense of perpetual fear and anxiety.

    Psychological Effects:

    • Trauma: The intense violence and sudden loss of life caused traumatic stress, leading to symptoms like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
    • Desensitization: Soldiers became desensitized to the horrors of war, developing a “trench mentality” that allowed them to cope with the constant danger.
    • Mental Breakdown: Prolonged exposure to stress and trauma led to mental breakdowns, including shell shock (now known as PTSD).

    Impact on Combat:

    • Trench Warfare: The stalemate on the Western Front led to the development of trench warfare, characterized by static lines of defense and frequent attacks.
    • Firepower: The increased use of machine guns, artillery, and other firepower made it difficult for soldiers to advance without taking heavy casualties.
    • New Forms of Warfare: Trench warfare introduced new forms of warfare, such as sniping, gas attacks, and nighttime raids.

    Long-Term Consequences:

    • Soldiers’ Experience: The experiences of soldiers in the trenches have had a lasting impact on their lives, with many suffering from PTSD, depression, and anxiety.
    • Societal Impact: The war’s effects on soldiers have been passed down through generations, influencing societal attitudes towards war and its consequences.
    • Evolution of Warfare: Trench warfare led to significant changes in military tactics and strategies, shaping the course of modern warfare.

    Lessons Learned:

    • Need for Humanitarian Aid: The experiences of soldiers in the trenches highlight the importance of providing humanitarian aid to those affected by war.
    • Importance of Mental Health: The war’s impact on mental health emphasizes the need for adequate support systems for soldiers dealing with trauma and stress.
    • New Forms of Warfare: The development of new technologies and tactics during World War I has continued to shape the nature of warfare in subsequent conflicts.
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 20, 2024In:
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What is meant by the Balkan Crisis, in your opinion? What part did it play in World War I? (200 Words) [UPPSC 2021]

uppsc: world between 1890 to world war i
  1. Dev Oberoi
    Dev Oberoi Begginer

    Balkan Crisis and Its Role in the First World War The Balkan Crisis refers to a series of geopolitical conflicts in the Balkan Peninsula in the early 20th century, which played a significant role in the lead-up to World War I. Origins and Conflicts: The crisis was rooted in the decline of the OttomaRead more

    Balkan Crisis and Its Role in the First World War

    The Balkan Crisis refers to a series of geopolitical conflicts in the Balkan Peninsula in the early 20th century, which played a significant role in the lead-up to World War I.

    Origins and Conflicts: The crisis was rooted in the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the rising nationalist aspirations of various Balkan states. The Balkan Wars (1912-1913) saw a coalition of Balkan nations—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro—fighting the Ottoman Empire to gain territory. The aftermath of these wars left unresolved territorial disputes, especially between Serbia and Austria-Hungary.

    Role in World War I: The tensions in the Balkans directly contributed to the outbreak of World War I. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo in 1914 by a Bosnian Serb nationalist was a flashpoint that ignited the conflict. Austria-Hungary’s subsequent ultimatum to Serbia, backed by Germany, and the complex network of alliances, led to a rapid escalation into a world war.

    The Balkan Crisis thus highlighted the volatile mix of nationalism, imperialism, and alliance politics that fueled the First World War. It demonstrated how regional conflicts could escalate into global conflicts due to the intertwined interests of major powers.

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Bhairavi Gauatam
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Bhairavi GauatamBegginer
Asked: July 30, 2024In:
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Consider the efforts and sacrifices made by women in World War I, both at home and on the front lines.

upsc: world war i
  1. Babita Singh
    Babita Singh Begginer

    Women played a significant role in World War I, making substantial contributions to the war effort and sacrificing much in the process. Here are some of the key ways in which women contributed to the war and the sacrifices they made: Home Front Contributions: Industrial Work: Women entered the workfRead more

    Women played a significant role in World War I, making substantial contributions to the war effort and sacrificing much in the process. Here are some of the key ways in which women contributed to the war and the sacrifices they made:

    Home Front Contributions:

    1. Industrial Work: Women entered the workforce in large numbers, taking on jobs previously held by men, such as factory work, transportation, and communication. This helped to keep the economy running and support the war effort.
    2. Agricultural Work: Women took on roles in agriculture, such as farming, harvesting, and food production, ensuring a steady supply of food for the population.
    3. Voluntary Work: Women volunteered for various organizations, such as the Red Cross, Salvation Army, and other charities, providing support to soldiers and their families.
    4. Morale Boosting: Women’s efforts to boost morale included entertaining troops, providing comfort and support to soldiers’ families, and organizing events to raise spirits.

    Sacrifices:

    1. Loss of Personal Freedom: Women had to sacrifice their personal freedom and autonomy as they took on new roles in the workforce and at home.
    2. Health Risks: Women who worked in factories, agriculture, and other industries faced health risks, including exposure to hazardous conditions, long hours, and physical labor.
    3. Emotional Strains: Women experienced emotional strains as they coped with the loss of loved ones, financial uncertainty, and the pressure of taking on new responsibilities.
    4. Social Restrictions: Women’s social lives were restricted as they were expected to prioritize their work and family responsibilities over personal pursuits.

    Frontline Contributions:

    1. Nursing: Women served as nurses, providing medical care to soldiers and civilians. Many nurses risked their lives to treat wounded soldiers in the trenches.
    2. Intelligence Gathering: Women worked as codebreakers, translators, and intelligence gatherers, helping to decode enemy messages and provide crucial information to military leaders.
    3. Military Support: Women served as drivers, cooks, and administrative staff in military units, supporting soldiers on the frontlines.
    4. War Effort Volunteers: Women volunteered for various military organizations, such as the Women’s Land Army (WLA) and the Women’s Royal Naval Service (WRNS), which provided support to military operations.

    Sacrifices:

    1. Loss of Lives: Many women lost their lives while serving on the frontlines or in military-related roles.
    2. Injuries: Women suffered injuries while serving in combat zones or working in hazardous conditions.
    3. Separation from Family: Women were often separated from their families for extended periods due to their military service or work on the frontlines.
    4. Stigma and Discrimination: Women who served in combat roles or took on traditionally male roles faced stigma and discrimination upon their return.
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Chintan Trivedi
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Chintan TrivediBegginer
Asked: July 30, 2024In:
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Talk about how nationalism, militarism, and imperialism contributed to the build-up of tensions that led to the war.

upsc: world war i
  1. Rupali Sharma
    Rupali Sharma Begginer

    The role of militarism, imperialism, and nationalism in the escalation of tensions that culminated in World War I is a complex and multifaceted topic. Here's a breakdown of how each factor contributed to the outbreak of war: Militarism: Militarism was a significant factor in the escalation of tensioRead more

    The role of militarism, imperialism, and nationalism in the escalation of tensions that culminated in World War I is a complex and multifaceted topic. Here’s a breakdown of how each factor contributed to the outbreak of war:

    Militarism:

    • Militarism was a significant factor in the escalation of tensions leading up to World War I. Many European countries, particularly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, had large standing armies and navies, and had invested heavily in military modernization.
    • The military build-up and competition for military superiority created a sense of insecurity and vulnerability among nations, leading to a cycle of arms races and tensions.
    • Militarism also fueled the aggressive rhetoric and posturing of some leaders, such as Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary.

    Imperialism:

    • Imperialism was another key factor in the escalation of tensions. European powers were competing for colonies, territories, and resources around the world, which led to conflicts and tensions between them.
    • The scramble for Africa in particular created tensions between European powers, as they sought to expand their empires and secure resources.
    • Imperialism also contributed to the rise of nationalism, as colonial subjects began to demand independence and self-determination.

    Nationalism:

    • Nationalism was a powerful force in the years leading up to World War I. Many ethnic groups and nations were seeking independence and self-determination, which created tensions between them and their ruling powers.
    • The rise of nationalism in Europe was fueled by industrialization, urbanization, and the growth of a middle class. People began to identify more strongly with their national identity and sought to assert their nation’s interests and prestige.
    • Nationalism also contributed to the rise of militarism, as nations sought to demonstrate their military power and prestige.

    Interplay between factors:

    • The interplay between militarism, imperialism, and nationalism created a complex web of tensions that ultimately led to the outbreak of World War I.
    • The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo sparked a chain reaction of events that drew in multiple European powers.
    • The complex system of alliances between European powers meant that one nation’s conflict with another could quickly escalate into a global war.
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Prakher Singh
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Prakher SinghBegginer
Asked: June 17, 2024In:
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The imperialist countries’ rivalries and disputes were the fundamental causes of the First World War. (Answer in 200 words)

upsc: world war i
  1. Sujata Gautam
    Sujata Gautam Begginer

    Answer: The underlying cause behind the First World War was the simmering suspicion and hostility among various European powers due to historical and concurrent factors precipitated by imperial drives. The immediate trigger for the first world war was the assassination of the Archduke Franz FerdinanRead more

    Answer: The underlying cause behind the First World War was the simmering suspicion and hostility among various European powers due to historical and concurrent factors precipitated by imperial drives. The immediate trigger for the first world war was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Factors behind the first world war:

    • Crisis preceding the World War: Moroccan crisis (1905-06) where Italy, Spain, Russia and Britain supported France and later got control over Moroccan Banks and Police, was a diplomatic defeat for Germany.
      • Similarly, the Bosnia Crisis of 1908 wherein Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia from the weak Ottoman empire, which led to the humiliation of Russia that began its militarization.
      • Balkan wars 1 and 2 of 1912 and 1913 further fueled the crisis.
    • The alliance systems: The Triple Alliance involving Italy, Germany, and Austria and the Dual Alliance between France and Russia, which with inclusion of England became the Entente Cordiale, caused the split of Europe into two rival camps.
    • Militarism and arms race: Starting with France, the countries of Europe developed a system of maintaining large armies and navies and engaged in arms race in the name of self-defence. It created fear and suspicion among the nations, especially between the British and the Germans.
    • Colonial rivalry in Africa and the Far East: The countries of Europe competed with each for market access and new sources of raw materials. This led to the scramble for Africa and competition in the Asian countries such as India, China, and Malay regions. Countries which were left behind in this race, such as Germany, Italy, and Japan, aggressively pursued colonial imperial policies to secure and advance their interests.
    • Nationalism: The whole of Europe was swept under a wave of nationalism that affected the relations between France and the UK; France and Russia; Germany and France & UK, the Habsburg empire and Serbia. All these countries tried to safeguard themselves by resorting to alliances, preventive wars, and militarism.

    Also, there was a cultural belief amongst these imperialist nations that war was good, necessary, glorious and it established the notion of superiority. The First World War lasted more than four years between 1914 and 1919 and between 15 and 19 million people around the planet were killed. Also, the War devastated the global economy and contributed to massive disease outbreaks that killed millions more.

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Adheesh Raman
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Adheesh RamanLearner
Asked: February 18, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define the Question: Briefly explain the concept of balance of power and its relevance to the First World War. Thesis Statement: State that while the war was influenced by the desire to maintain balance, other significant factors ...

upsc: world war i
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The assertion that the First World War was fought primarily for the preservation of balance of power is partially correct, as it encompasses several interconnected factors, including alliances, nationalism, and imperialism. Arguments Supporting the Balance of Power Theory ARead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The assertion that the First World War was fought primarily for the preservation of balance of power is partially correct, as it encompasses several interconnected factors, including alliances, nationalism, and imperialism.

    Arguments Supporting the Balance of Power Theory

    1. Alliances as Strategic Tools: The formation of alliances, such as the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and the Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia), was aimed at maintaining equilibrium in Europe. For example, Germany sought alliances to counterbalance the growing influence of Russia and France.
    2. Germany’s Rising Power: Germany’s rapid industrial and military expansion posed a threat to British naval supremacy. This naval arms race heightened tensions, particularly with Britain perceiving Germany’s expansion as a challenge to its global dominance.
    3. Colonial Rivalries: Competition for colonial territories strained relations among European powers. The Moroccan Crises (1905 and 1911) exemplified this, as conflicts between France and Germany over African colonies escalated tensions.
    4. Regional Rivalries in the Balkans: The rivalry between Austria-Hungary and Russia in the Balkans became a flashpoint for conflict. The Bosnian Crisis of 1908, where Austria annexed Bosnia, destabilized the region, leading to increased tensions.
    5. France’s Desire for Revenge: France’s alliances were motivated by a desire to counterbalance Germany’s power, particularly after the loss of Alsace-Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871).
    6. Preservation of Empires: Britain and other powers entered the war to protect their empires and prevent any single nation, notably Germany, from dominating Europe.

    Other Contributing Factors

    1. Nationalism: Nationalist fervor, particularly in the Balkans, was a driving force behind the war. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist exemplifies how nationalism triggered the conflict.
    2. Imperialism: The desire for colonial expansion intensified rivalries, leading to conflicts over territories, such as during the Scramble for Africa.
    3. Militarism: The aggressive military buildup, exemplified by Germany’s Schlieffen Plan, reflected the influence of militarism on foreign policy.
    4. Economic Rivalries: Germany’s industrial rise threatened Britain’s economic dominance, further escalating tensions.
    5. Failure of Diplomacy: Diplomatic efforts failed due to secret treaties and mistrust, such as the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894, which heightened tensions.

    Conclusion

    While the preservation of balance of power was a significant factor in the outbreak of the First World War, it was interwoven with nationalism, imperialism, and economic rivalries. The interplay of these elements, along with the failure of diplomacy and the rise of militarism, ultimately drove Europe into a devastating conflict that reshaped the global political landscape.

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Mamta Rani
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Mamta RaniLearner
Asked: July 29, 2024In:
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What effects did the employment of new technologies—like tanks, aircraft, and chemical weapons—have on how the conflict played out?

upsc: world war i
  1. Babita Singh
    Babita Singh Begginer

    The use of new technologies during World War I had a significant impact on the course of the war, transforming the nature of warfare and influencing the outcome of the conflict. Here are some key ways in which new technologies shaped the war: Tanks: Introduction: The first tanks were introduced by tRead more

    The use of new technologies during World War I had a significant impact on the course of the war, transforming the nature of warfare and influencing the outcome of the conflict. Here are some key ways in which new technologies shaped the war:

    Tanks:

    • Introduction: The first tanks were introduced by the British in 1916, and they were used to break through German trenches.
    • Impact: Tanks revolutionized the battlefield, providing a mobile and armored platform for infantry to attack enemy positions.
    • Limitations: However, early tanks were slow, unreliable, and vulnerable to anti-tank guns, which limited their effectiveness.

    Planes:

    • Introduction: Planes were first used in combat in 1915, with both sides employing them for reconnaissance and bombing missions.
    • Impact: Air power enabled both sides to gather intelligence, conduct reconnaissance, and launch surprise attacks, which significantly changed the nature of warfare.
    • Development: Planes became increasingly sophisticated, with developments like aerial dogfighting, bombing raids, and strategic bombing campaigns.

    Chemical Weapons:

    • Introduction: Chemical weapons were first used on the Western Front in 1915, with both sides employing mustard gas and chlorine gas.
    • Impact: Chemical weapons caused widespread casualties, disrupted military operations, and created a new level of psychological fear among soldiers.
    • Development: The use of chemical weapons led to a major shift in military tactics, with both sides developing countermeasures and defenses.

    Other Technologies:

    • Machine Guns: Machine guns significantly increased firepower on the battlefield, making it difficult for soldiers to advance without taking heavy casualties.
    • Artillery: Advances in artillery technology allowed for more accurate and rapid fire, which further increased the destructive power of modern warfare.
    • Radio Communications: Radio communications enabled rapid communication between troops on the battlefield, allowing for more effective coordination and response.
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