UKPSC Mains PYQs

Kalu Mahra played a significant role in the Revolt of 1857, particularly in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. He emerged as a prominent leader who mobilized local communities against British rule. As a folk hero and a symbol of resistance, Mahra inspired villagers and peasants to rise up against colonial oppression.

His contributions were marked by his ability to unite various segments of society, including farmers and local artisans, to participate in the revolt. Kalu Mahra raised awareness about the injustices faced by the common people under British policies, particularly regarding land revenue and taxation, which had burdened the rural population.

Mahra led several uprisings and was instrumental in organizing resistance against British forces. His leadership provided a sense of identity and purpose to the local populace, encouraging them to fight for their rights and dignity. He was also known for his emphasis on indigenous cultural values, which resonated with the people and reinforced their resolve to challenge colonial authority.

Despite the ultimate suppression of the revolt, Kalu Mahra’s efforts were crucial in igniting the spirit of rebellion in the Kumaon region. His legacy continues to be celebrated as a testament to the bravery and resilience of those who fought against colonial rule, and he remains an important figure in the narrative of India’s struggle for independence.

Garhwal and Kumaun, two regions in Uttarakhand, played significant roles in the Quit India Movement of 1942, reflecting the broader national struggle against British colonial rule.

In Garhwal, the movement was marked by widespread protests and demonstrations. Local leaders mobilized villagers, urging them to participate in strikes and resist British authority. The region saw a surge in nationalist sentiments, with people organizing rallies and refusing to pay taxes. Notably, the Garhwal Regiment mutinied, reflecting discontent among soldiers, which inspired civilians to intensify their struggle.

Kumaun also witnessed significant activism, with students and local leaders leading efforts to galvanize support for the movement. The Kumaon Sabha, an important political body, played a crucial role in spreading awareness and organizing protests. Many youths participated in civil disobedience, refusing to cooperate with colonial authorities. The region experienced crackdowns, with numerous arrests of activists, further fueling resistance.

The involvement of local peasants, laborers, and students in both regions underscored a collective desire for freedom, showcasing the deep-rooted anti-colonial sentiments that permeated even remote areas. The sacrifices made by these communities contributed to the larger narrative of the Quit India Movement, highlighting the unity and resolve of the Indian populace against colonial rule. Ultimately, the efforts in Garhwal and Kumaun symbolized the spirit of resistance that characterized the national struggle for independence.

Subhash Chandra Bose was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement, known for his radical approach to securing freedom from British rule. Born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Odisha, Bose was a member of the Indian National Congress but soon became disillusioned with the moderate tactics of other leaders. He believed that armed struggle was essential for achieving independence.

In 1943, Bose formed the Indian National Army (INA) with the support of Japan during World War II. The INA aimed to liberate India from British rule through military action. Bose’s rallying cry, “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom,” inspired many Indians to join the cause. The army comprised Indian prisoners of war and expatriates in Southeast Asia.

Under Bose’s leadership, the INA engaged in several military campaigns, particularly in the Burma front. Although the army faced setbacks and was ultimately defeated, it became a symbol of resistance against colonial rule and inspired a sense of nationalism among Indians.

Bose’s vision extended beyond military efforts; he sought to unify all factions of the Indian independence movement. His emphasis on self-reliance, dignity, and equality resonated with many. Although Bose’s efforts did not lead to immediate independence, his legacy significantly influenced the course of India’s freedom struggle, making him a revered figure in Indian history. His ideals and determination continue to inspire future generations in their quest for justice and equality.