Severe Forms of Malnutrition Caused by Nutritional Deficiencies

Malnutrition due to nutritional deficiencies can lead to several severe health conditions. Here are some of the major forms:

1. Kwashiorkor

Cause: Lack of protein in the diet.

Symptoms:

– Swelling of the body, especially the legs and feet (edema)

– Enlarged liver

– Changes in hair color and texture

– Loss of muscle mass

– Irritability

– Skin lesions

2. Marasmus

Cause: Severe deficiency of calories and protein.

Symptoms:

– Extreme thinness and wasting of muscles

– Prominent bones

– Severe weight loss

– Weakness

– Stunted growth in children

– Dry, loose skin

3. Vitamin A Deficiency

Cause:  Insufficient intake of vitamin A.

Symptoms:

– Night blindness

– Dry eyes

– Increased risk of infections

– In severe cases, complete blindness

4. Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Cause: Lack of iron in the diet.

Symptoms:

– Fatigue and weakness

– Pale skin

– Shortness of breath

– Dizziness

– Cold hands and feet

5. Rickets

Cause: Deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.

Symptoms:

– Soft and weak bones

– Bone pain and tenderness

– Dental problems

– Skeletal deformities, such as bowed legs or thickened wrists and ankles

6. Pellagra

Cause: Lack of niacin (vitamin B3) in the diet.

Symptoms:

– Dermatitis (skin rash)

– Diarrhea

– Dementia

– If untreated, can lead to death

7. Scurvy

Cause: Deficiency of vitamin C.

Symptoms:

– Swollen and bleeding gums

– Joint pain and swelling

– Anemia

– Fatigue

– Skin hemorrhages

Conclusion

Severe forms of malnutrition caused by nutritional deficiencies can have serious health consequences. Proper diet and nutrition are essential to prevent these conditions and ensure overall well-being.