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Health, Sanitation & Nutrition

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Home/Social Sector/Services/Health, Sanitation & Nutrition

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Abhishek Gupta
  • 2
Abhishek GuptaLearner
Asked: July 12, 2024In:
  • 2

Ayushman Bharat is a deliberate effort to tackle health from all angles, including primary, intermediate, and tertiary ambulatory care, promotion, and prevention. Analyze critically?

UPSC: Health Sanitation & Nutrition
  1. Dolly Mehara
    Dolly Mehara Learner

    Ayushman Bharat, a flagship scheme of the Government of India, was launched as recommended by the National Health Policy 2017, to achieve the vision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This initiative has been designed to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its underlying commitment, whichRead more

    Ayushman Bharat, a flagship scheme of the Government of India, was launched as recommended by the National Health Policy 2017, to achieve the vision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This initiative has been designed to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its underlying commitment, which is to “leave no one behind.”

    Features Of Ayushman Bharat

    Ayushman Bharat adopts a continuum of care approach, comprising of two interrelated components, which are

    1. Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) : 1,50,000 Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) by transforming the existing sub-centres and Primary Health Centres. These centres are to deliver Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) bringing healthcare closer to the homes of people. They cover both, maternal and child health services and non-communicable diseases, including free essential drugs and diagnostic services. 2.
    2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY): This is the largest health assurance scheme in the world which aims at providing a health cover of Rs. 5 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to over 10.74 crores poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) that form the bottom 40% of the Indian population. PMJAY is fully funded by the Government and the cost of implementation is shared between the Central and State Governments.
    3. National Health Authority (NHA) : The apex body responsible for implementing the scheme at the national level. To implement the scheme at the State level, State Health Agencies (SHAs) in the form of a society/trust have been set up by respective States. SHAs have full operational autonomy over the implementation of the scheme in the State including extending the coverage to non-SECC beneficiaries.

    Critical Evaluation

    1. Underspending: As per Govt., more than 10 crore e-cards (for health insurance) were issued, and Rs 7,490 crore worth of treatments pre-authorized in just 365 days. But this amounts to just over Rs 16,000 per person: much lower than the Rs 5 lakh limit per family under this program.
    2. The shift of burden: The health insurance scheme is helping millions reduce their expenditure on health. But the burden has not been lifted. Instead, it has shifted to the Indian government’s shoulders, which is already facing challenges in meeting the needs of the population.
    3. Not hitting the root of the problem: Govt. is spending only 1.15% of the gross domestic product or GDP (with plans to increase this to 2.5% of GDP by 2025) on health and most of it is for curative services as compared to preventive services.
    4. Increased burden on private hospitals: Despite the HWCs including non-communicable diseases in comprehensive care, the loopholes in the basic infrastructure and services in HWCs have remained almost the same. This will increase the burden on public hospitals and super-speciality clinics and also force the poor to opt for private services, which after a point, aren’t affordable for them.
    5. States participation and underpricing issues: The rates set for different procedures under Ayushman Bharat are low. This might eventually reduce the quality of services provided or even make them unviable for hospitals. Looking at this scenario, states such as Odisha, Delhi, Telangana, Kerala, and Punjab have opted out of the program.
    6. Fraudulent cases: A program this large has much room for fraud. India’s poor artificial intelligence or AI-based monitoring has encouraged fraud from families who forge papers of adoption or relationship with the beneficiaries.
    7. Exclusion: Ayushman Bharat does not at this time cover the middle-income section of society. Huge or unexpected medical expenditures can push these families below the poverty line.
    8. Transparency issues: Even after a year, the cost revisions in PM-JAY for package procedures, for example, an angioplasty, or a knee replacement have not been made public
    9. Out of pocket expenditures: Patients still have to spend a lot from their pocket. In many cases, they have to get diagnostic services, drugs, and implants from outside as they are often not available in the hospitals.

    Way Ahead

    1. Innovate ways to reduce the cost of diagnosis and diagnostics.
    2. To have a ‘technological solution’ to measure and track the quality of healthcare.
    3. Maximizing beneficiary awareness.
    4. Enhance the quality and security of data.
    5. Reduce infection rates at hospitals.
    6. Build and maximize the capacities of the health workforce.
    7. Develop robust and real-time fraud detection systems.

    Ayushman Bharat has put India on an irreversible path towards universal healthcare. The scheme will keep evolving, taking into account the experience of evidence generated from its implementation. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said the first year of the scheme has been one of Sankalp (action), samarpan (devotion), and seekh (learning). Given the highest level of political support for these reforms, failure is not an option.

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Dipshikha Anand
  • 2
Dipshikha AnandLearner
Asked: July 29, 2024In:
  • 2

What are the primary causes of hair fall, and how do genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors contribute to this condition?

question
  1. Khushi
    Khushi Begginer

    Androgenetic Alopecia: This is the most common type of hair loss, often referred to as male or female pattern baldness. It is majorly influenced by genetics.   Hormonal Imbalances: Fluctuations in hormones, such as those experienced during pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, or thyroid disorders,Read more

    Androgenetic Alopecia: This is the most common type of hair loss, often referred to as male or female pattern baldness. It is majorly influenced by genetics.

     

    Hormonal Imbalances: Fluctuations in hormones, such as those experienced during pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, or thyroid disorders, can lead to temporary or permanent hair loss.  

     

    Stress: Excessive stress can trigger a condition called telogen effluvium, causing hair to enter the shedding phase prematurely.

    Diet: Nutritional deficiencies, especially of iron, zinc, and protein, can impact hair growth.   

    Hairstyles: Tight hairstyles like braids or ponytails can cause traction alopecia.

    Medications: Certain medications can induce hair loss as a side effect.   

    Illnesses: Medical conditions like lupus or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can contribute to hair loss.

    Aging: Hair naturally thins with age. 

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Tharunya K.B
  • 1
Tharunya K.BBegginer
Asked: July 13, 2024In:
  • 1

In what ways has the COVID-19 pandemic reshaped public health policies worldwide?

question
  1. nm
    nm

    The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly changed health care policies worldwide, focusing on stopping virus spread and strengthening health systems. Governments have prioritized getting vaccines themselves, distributing them and campaigns to get people vaccinated at what could be considered an unprecedenteRead more

    The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly changed health care policies worldwide, focusing on stopping virus spread and strengthening health systems. Governments have prioritized getting vaccines themselves, distributing them and campaigns to get people vaccinated at what could be considered an unprecedented level. To accommodate the influx of patients, the health systems are reviewing and enhancing areas such as Intensive Care Units and equipment and supply chain preparedness. Telehealth and other digital health solutions grew to offer a means of receiving healthcare services from the comfort of people’s homes while also trying to avoid potential infections.

    The pandemic has also encouraged countries to cooperate in the sphere of global health and share essential data on threats. Countries also tried to share their vaccines and enhance the global rollout through the programs such as COVAX. Measures adopted by governments included restricting movements through travel bans and quarantining. The use of face masks was also mandated. These measures effectively prevented the virus from spreading. They significantly influenced people’s daily activities and international relations. The new normal was established with regard to social interactions and means of preventing the spread of the virus.  COVID exposed existing disparities in the health field and called for measures in health justice and increasing the number of healthcare professionals. In the future, these ideas continue to bring out the future of public health strategies, focusing on preparedness, response, and the creation of equal health status among the populace of the globe.

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Shreyas Rao
  • 1
Shreyas RaoBegginer
Asked: July 13, 2024In:
  • 1

An untreated health catastrophe has resulted from the shame and taboo around mental health issues. In this context, draw attention to the causes of the gaps in mental health services and the necessity of a strong policy.

UPSC: Health Sanitation & Nutrition
  1. Kamal Singh
    Kamal Singh Begginer

    Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being. It is all about how people think, feel, and behave. People sometimes use the term “mental health” to mean the absence of a mental disorder. According to a Lancet study and Global Health Data Exchange, India accounts for nearlyRead more

    Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being. It is all about how people think, feel, and behave. People sometimes use the term “mental health” to mean the absence of a mental disorder. According to a Lancet study and Global Health Data Exchange, India accounts for nearly 15% of the global mental health burden and one in seven Indians is estimated to suffer from mental health disorders.

    Stigma And Taboo Around Mental Health

    1. People should take care of their mental health in the same way they take care of their physical health. However, Judgement and discrimination are often the reasons why many choose to suffer in silence.
    2. This phenomenon prevents patients from having the awareness and access to the much needed help from their communities – findings show that 75% of people who have experienced a mental disorder decide not to seek professional help.
    3. Mental illness in India is still taboo. The World Health Organization has declared India as one of the most depressed countries in the year 2018-19. India is a developing country that has transformed itself in plenty of ways but despite that, when it comes to mental health, there is a long way to go.
    4. No matter how much people have fought, their minds are conditioned with a variety of stereotypes. For example, ‘Boys do not cry if they do so, people question their masculinity. Only girls should cry.
    5. Sharing episodes of depression, make them be labelled as ‘mentally weak’. The lack of acceptance towards people with mental illness is one of the topmost reasons that they feel awkward in sharing their problems.
    6. They fear that people would judge them, understand them as a weak person and could be teased by their peers. They feel unable and find it difficult to share their problems with anyone.

    Factors That Have Contributed To Gaps In Mental Health Service

    Healthcare providers are being trained at the district-level through various programmes. Their role is to identify individuals with mental illnesses at the initial stages, provide knowledge about the treatment and facilities available to them, and record treatment adherence. Despite these efforts, India faces a wide treatment gap due to multiple reasons.

    1. Mental healthcare initiatives in India focus on a narrow biomedical approach that tends to ignore sociocultural explanations for the occurrence of mental illness.
    2. Mental healthcare depends primarily on trained personnel and infrastructure to ensure early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness. The lesser density of trained manpower, especially psychiatrists, is a reliable indicator of the human resources availability gap for mental healthcare.
    3. The economic burden of mental illness contributes significantly to the treatment gap in India. The costs of long-term treatment, including consultation and medication costs, travelling costs to treatment centres, and the stay in the hospital, all contribute substantially to the economic burden of mental illness.
    4. Belief in supernatural, non-medical explanations of mental illness and the easy accessibility of traditional healing resources are important reasons for not seeking medical help for mental illnesses in India.
    5. Violations of human rights have been reported in psychiatric hospitals(shaving the heads of patients) as well as at places of traditional healing in India which deter people from seeking treatment.

    Need For A Robust Policy

    In 1982, the government of India launched the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) to improve the status of mental health in India. Mental Health Care Act 2017 repealed the Mental Health Act, 1987.

    1. There have always been debates about whether India needs a combined health policy with subsections on mental health (as a national health policy) or a completely separate mental health policy.
    2. In 2014, the Government of India realised the need for a separate mental health policy and established the National Mental Health Policy (NMHP). Mental health is covered under other policies as well, including those that address disability, social security, and health and family welfare.
    3. It is crucial that the approach to mental health care is holistic, taking into account the coordinated efforts of various departments of the Government of India (social security, social justice and empowerment, disability affairs, and health and family welfare).
    4. In India, policy documents vary in their definitions of mental illness. The Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995, defines mental illness as any mental disorder other than mental retardation.
    5. The Census of India, 2001, describes individuals with mental illnesses as “insane”—this term is subjective and inadequate in classifying all individuals with mental illnesses. Evidently, it is crucial to reconsider these definitions of mental illness.

    Way Forward

    The World Health Organization made certain recommendations to reduce the treatment gap in mental healthcare.

    1. Make mental health treatment accessible in primary care along with the ready availability of psychotropic drugs.
    2. There must be a Shift from institution based care which has much stigma and prejudice around it towards community care.
    3. The social aspects of mental health i.e taboo and stigma surrounding it must be addressed by generating awareness, educating the public, involving the family, communities, and consumers.
    4. Governments across states and centres must establish national mental health programmes, Increase and improve the training of mental health professionals.
    5. There must be increased linkages between governmental and non-governmental institutions.
    6. Monitoring of the mental health system with quality indicators must take place along with Support for more research.
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Yuvaan Iyer
  • 1
Yuvaan IyerLearner
Asked: July 13, 2024In:
  • 1

There are obstacles in the way of the public health system offering universal health coverage. Do you believe that bridging the gap can be accomplished by the private sector? What additional workable options would you recommend?

UPSC: Health Sanitation & Nutrition
  1. Chandrapal Singh
    Chandrapal Singh Begginer

    According to the World Health Organisation, Universal health coverage means that all people have access to the health services they need, when and where they need them, without financial hardship. In the spirit of the 1978 Alma Ata Declaration, it includes the full range of essential health servicesRead more

    According to the World Health Organisation, Universal health coverage means that all people have access to the health services they need, when and where they need them, without financial hardship. In the spirit of the 1978 Alma Ata Declaration, it includes the full range of essential health services, from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care. The public health system in India has been the primary provider of healthcare, especially in terms of reach and access to the poorest of the poor. However, the public health system has been mired with structural and systemic issues jeopardizing the goal of universal health coverage.

    Public Health System In India Is Riddled By Several Challenges

    According to Amartya Sen, the key to UHC is a frontline role of public health institutions. Unless public health institutions are robust enough, UHC is an unrealisable goal. Sen believes that the reach, affordability and prioritisation of people’s health care rather than profits are key ingredients that make public health institutions central to the goal of UHC. Healthcare should be the primary responsibility of the state. They ensure accessibility and equity in access to health care. However public health institutions in India suffer from various issues like:

    1. Meagre budgetary allocation at 1.4% of GDP, against the proposed 2.5% in National Health Policy 2017 keeps them underfunded. Without adequate financial resources, public health institutions remain underfunded and underequipped, without adequate medical provisioning. It also disincentivizes talented healthcare professionals to choose public institutions over private. The lower pay to doctors also promotes a parallel private practice which compromises on the quality of care poor people get in the public health institutions.
    2. Inadequacy of resources impedes efficiency of care provided to people. For example in India government hospital bed to patient ratio is 1: 1844, while the doctor to patient ratio is 1:11,082 patients, much below the globally mandated standards. This crisis has been most visible during the Covid crisis, revealing the poor state of affairs.
    3. Public health institutions also suffer from the crisis of neglect and quality in public health systems: for example 2017 Gorakhpur hospital deaths due to medical negligence. A World Bank study pins this to the phenomena of “Know-do” gap. The gap between the knowledge of doctors and their response in a real situation. Due to a general sense of apathy, doctors do not even follow through basic procedures they have learnt in medical school.
    4. Further, there exists an urban bias in the public health system: for example, 80% of all tertiary healthcare institutions are concentrated in Tier I cities. Quality healthcare, especially at tertiary level therefore becomes a far fetched dream. Barriers to mobility and affordability become stronger. We, therefore, see the phenomena of what health activists like Dinesh Thakur call “cancer refugees”. Cancer patients living in slums and streets of metropolitan cities like Delhi while seeking care in hospitals of these cities.

    Private Sector Has A Unique Role In Bridging The Gap

    1. Creating health infrastructure: creating new medical institutes with state of the art technology as well as providing cost-effective health care in Tier II, Tier III cities and villages.
    2. Bridging the Skill gap: through skill development of medical professionals, whether it is through medical institutions or on the job training.
    3. Developing the technological interface of health: the private sector has a key role in developing low-cost diagnostics, improving access through drone delivery of blood etc.
    4. Developing the PPP model of healthcare for enhanced healthcare access. Niti Aayog’s proposal to link private medical institutes to district medical colleges for optimum resources utilisation is a proposal worth a mention.

    Key Challenges With The Private Sector

    1. Unfair profiteering, for example, an independent study of Ayushman Bharat -Jan Arogya Yojana shows disproportionately higher treatments of expensive procedures under the scheme.
    2. Frauds and scams by quacks, and unlicensed professionals for example unnecessary procedures like C-sections, a higher number of hysterectomies even done for benign cases.
    3. Challenges of affordability and equity as private sector institutions are run by private motives. The barrier of cost is the highest one.
    4. Quality and standardisation due to the lack of uniform regulatory standards across the country as health remains a state subject under the seventh schedule.

    Way Forward

    Therefore, private sector participation in itself is no panacea for achieving the golden goal of UHC. It can be achieved by harmonising various other alternatives like:

    1. Increased budgetary allocation to 2.5% as envisaged by National Health Policy 2017.
    2. Focus on preventive health care especially to combat the burden of NCDs: example through schemes like Fit India, promoting lifestyle changes.
    3. Instituting Public Health and Management Cadre in states for a professional and motivated cadre of healthcare professionals.
    4. Effective operationalisation of the National Digital Health Mission that would create a holistic and interoperable digital architecture for healthcare. This should make health care provisioning qualitatively better and seamless.
    5. Introduce Public health act in states that also provide statutory recognition to Public Health Agencies in states.
    6. Empowering the troika of grassroots health workers (ASHA, Anganwadi and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives) through training and capacity building.

    As the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed, UHC is no longer a desired goal, rather a necessity. In line with Article 47, it is the constitutional duty of the State to improve public healthcare. According to Dr Indu Bhushan, better insurance coverage, focus on underserved areas and digitisation can augment this pursuit. The force of multiple stakeholders, communities and global health architecture should be harnessed to secure Universal health coverage in India.

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Vaibhav Dhanorkar
  • 1
Poll
Vaibhav DhanorkarBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
  • 1

Should schools prioritize teaching practical life skills alongside academic subjects?            

answereducationpollquestionschools
  1. Simran Hora
    Simran Hora Begginer

    Yes, schools should prioritize teaching practical life skills alongside academic subjects. Here are a few reasons why: Holistic Development: Practical life skills, such as financial literacy, communication, and problem-solving, contribute to well-rounded personal development. Real-World PreparednessRead more

    Yes, schools should prioritize teaching practical life skills alongside academic subjects. Here are a few reasons why:

    1. Holistic Development: Practical life skills, such as financial literacy, communication, and problem-solving, contribute to well-rounded personal development.
    2. Real-World Preparedness: Teaching skills like time management, cooking, and basic home maintenance prepares students for independent living and enhances their confidence.
    3. Career Readiness: Life skills are essential in the workforce. Employers often value practical skills alongside academic knowledge.
    4. Mental Health and Well-Being: Skills like stress management and emotional intelligence help students navigate challenges and improve their mental health.
    5. Community Engagement: Life skills foster a sense of responsibility and encourage students to contribute positively to their communities.

    Incorporating these skills into the curriculum can better equip students for the complexities of adult life.

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Achint Verma
  • 1
Achint VermaBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In: , , , , ,
  • 1

What are the environmental impacts of e-waste, and how can they be mitigated?

  1. Devika C
    Devika C Begginer

    E-waste, or electronic waste, poses significant environmental threats. The improper disposal of e-waste leads to the release of hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants into the environment. These toxins can leach into soil and water, contaminating ecosystRead more

    E-waste, or electronic waste, poses significant environmental threats. The improper disposal of e-waste leads to the release of hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants into the environment. These toxins can leach into soil and water, contaminating ecosystems and posing health risks to humans and wildlife. Additionally, e-waste contributes to air pollution when incinerated, releasing harmful dioxins and furans.

    The environmental impact extends to resource depletion, as valuable materials like gold, silver, and rare earth elements are often lost when electronics are discarded rather than recycled. The extraction of these materials from natural resources is energy-intensive and environmentally damaging.

    Mitigating the impact of e-waste requires a multi-faceted approach. Promoting the recycling and proper disposal of electronics is crucial. Governments and organizations can implement and enforce stringent e-waste regulations, ensuring that manufacturers take responsibility for the entire lifecycle of their products. This can be supported by developing efficient e-waste recycling infrastructure and encouraging the public to participate in recycling programs.

    Furthermore, adopting a circular economy model can reduce e-waste generation. This involves designing products for longevity, repairability, and recyclability, and fostering a market for refurbished electronics. Public awareness campaigns can also educate consumers on the environmental impact of e-waste and the importance of responsible disposal practices.

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shivani priyadarshini
  • 1
shivani priyadarshiniBegginer
Asked: July 17, 2024In:
  • 1

expertiseketo dietquestionveganism
  1. Ameena sabahat
    Ameena sabahat Begginer

    These diets really help in weight loss and fat loss but one should have proper knowledge of these diets. If one simply start doing these diets it may causes some other health issues. Intermittent fasting is better than ketosis and veganism. I have tried doing intermittent fasting and got good resultRead more

    These diets really help in weight loss and fat loss but one should have proper knowledge of these diets. If one simply start doing these diets it may causes some other health issues. Intermittent fasting is better than ketosis and veganism. I have tried doing intermittent fasting and got good results. Ketosis leads to muscle loss so one should be on high protein diet.

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Nandani Naina
  • 1
Nandani NainaBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In:
  • 1

The public has long been concerned about India’s nutritional state. Talk about it. Additionally, make recommendations for how to address India’s nutritional problems.

UPSC: Health Sanitation & Nutrition
  1. Gitanjali Reena
    Gitanjali Reena Begginer

    India has the most malnourished children in the world. The fifth and the latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) India has the most malnourished children in the world. The fifth and the latest round of the has highlighted that India isn’t making as much progress as it should have toRead more

    India has the most malnourished children in the world. The fifth and the latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) India has the most malnourished children in the world. The fifth and the latest round of the has highlighted that India isn’t making as much progress as it should have towards SDG 2.2 (ending all forms of malnutrition by 2030 for children under 5) – since the percentage of stunted, wasted, underweight and anaemic children in India is 36%, 19%, 32% and 67%, respectively.

    Nutritional status of the country and associated public threat:

    • As per NFHS-5 data, the percentage of stunted, wasted and underweight children has gone down. However, India could not sustain the decrease in the rate of stunting and severe wasting.
      • It has led to cognitive deficits and compromised learning abilities as undernourished children were found to be enrolled in school late; they had higher chances of repeating a grade or dropped out of school altogether.
    • About 60% of women and teenage girls are anaemic.
      • It has lowered the ability to survive childbirth which is reflected in higher IMR and MMR.
      • Other than iron deficiency, the iodine and vitamin A deficiency remains a significant public health issue that leads to mental and physical growth retardation, night blindness and preventable child morbidity.
    • India houses the world’s largest number of underweight people.
      • Micro-nutrient deficiencies or ‘Hidden Hunger’ contributes to the vicious cycle of malnutrition, underdevelopment and poverty.
      • It has led to an increase in infectious diseases like Tuberculosis and Pneumonia in India.
    • India houses world’s third largest population of overweight and obese people. About 3.4% children, 24% women and 23% men in India are overweight.
      • It is leading to an increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases like prediabetes in children, and high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type-2 diabetes, osteoporosis, depression, etc. in adults.

    To address the nutrition challenges, the government has launched various schemes including POSHAN Abhiyan, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Mid-day meal scheme, National Health Mission etc. To make these initiatives more effective, following steps can also be taken:

    • Identify districts that require urgent intervention. Districts can be classified into three groups based on priority into green, yellow and red, and red being the topmost priority districts. This would ensure special focus on the poor districts especially the tribal regions.
    • The government should also consider linking village, district, state and national level metrics to track improvements in children’s health.
    • An outcome-oriented focus on agriculture, sanitation and women’s education is required, which includes special focus on awareness about nutrition and related program in India.
    • Subsidy should be provided to crops other than cereals such as pulses, fruits and vegetables. These crops can be made available through the PDS along with rice and wheat. Further, food fortification can go a long way is tackling the challenge of nutrition.
    • Fat tax as introduced by Kerala over fast foods can be implemented all over India.

    In order to achieve the SDG of ‘Zero hunger’, India needs a Nutrition Revolution with more strategized outcome-based action plans and women leading at the front.

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Prerna Batra
  • 1
Prerna BatraBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In: , ,
  • 1

developingdevelopmentinflationpoorrich
  1. sweett soull
    sweett soull Begginer

    Yes, rising inflation is a concern for developed nations like the US. Here’s how it impacts them: 1. Reduced Purchasing Power: - Inflation erodes money’s value, meaning consumers can buy less with the same amount of money. 2. Higher Cost of Living: - Prices for goods and services rise, increasing thRead more

    Yes, rising inflation is a concern for developed nations like the US. Here’s how it impacts them:

    1. Reduced Purchasing Power:
    – Inflation erodes money’s value, meaning consumers can buy less with the same amount of money.

    2. Higher Cost of Living:
    – Prices for goods and services rise, increasing the cost of living and putting financial strain on households.

    3. Interest Rate Hikes:
    – To control inflation, central banks like the Federal Reserve may raise interest rates, increasing borrowing costs for consumers and businesses.

    4. Economic Uncertainty:
    – High inflation creates uncertainty, making it harder for businesses to plan for the future, potentially slowing down investment and economic growth.

    5. Impact on Savings:
    – The real value of savings decreases, affecting retirees and others who rely on fixed incomes.

    6. Wage-Price Spiral:
    – As the cost of living increases, workers demand higher wages, leading to higher production costs and further price increases, creating a cycle.

    7. Budget Deficits:
    – Government spending might increase to keep up with rising costs, potentially leading to larger budget deficits.

    8. Market Volatility:
    – Inflation can cause stock and bond markets to become more volatile, impacting investments and retirement accounts.

    9. Social Unrest:
    – Prolonged high inflation can lead to social dissatisfaction as people’s standard of living declines, potentially leading to political instability.

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