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Bio-technology

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Home/Applications & Awareness in Technology/Bio-technology/Page 22

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Chebrolu Rakesh Karthik
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Chebrolu Rakesh KarthikBegginer
Asked: August 4, 2024In:
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What are the primary ethical considerations and regulatory challenges associated with the development and commercialization of gene-editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, in agriculture and medicine?

biopharmaceuticalscrispr-cas9gene editing
  1. Yash Sihare
    Yash Sihare Begginer
Mariyam Aathifa
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Mariyam AathifaBegginer
Asked: August 7, 2024In:
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What is the use of Likers and Adapters in rDNA technology?

question
  1. Nisha Singh
    Nisha Singh Begginer

    Linkers and adaptors  play crucial role in  the construction and manipulation of  recombinant DNA molecules. Linkers are short , synthetic, double stranded DNA sequences  that containd on or more restriction enzyme recognition site.The major role of linkers are facilitating ligation, adding restrictRead more

    Linkers and adaptors  play crucial role in  the construction and manipulation of  recombinant DNA molecules.

    Linkers are short , synthetic, double stranded DNA sequences  that containd on or more restriction enzyme recognition site.The major role of linkers are facilitating ligation, adding restriction site, creating  sticky ends. Linkers when added to the blunt ends of the DNA fragments convert them into the sticky ends.

    Adaptors are short, double stranded DNA sequences with one sticky end  and blunt end. Unlike linkers, adaptors are pre cut to have  sticky ends that matches the restriction sites of the target vector. The major role  of adaptors is to convert blunt ends into sticky ends, preventing self ligation, and  facilitating ligation.

    Both linkers and adaptors are essential tool in molecular cloning , enabling the precise manipulation of DNA sequences for construction  of recombinant DNA molecules.

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Nisha Singh
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Nisha SinghBegginer
Asked: August 12, 2024In: ,
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question
  1. Ayushi Mittal
    Ayushi Mittal Begginer

    Amino acids in our body are mostly found in the "L-form" because of the way life has evolved. The "L" and "D" forms are like mirror images of each other, just like how our left and right hands are mirror images. The "L-form" was chosen by nature during the early stages of life on Earth, and all liviRead more

    Amino acids in our body are mostly found in the “L-form” because of the way life has evolved. The “L” and “D” forms are like mirror images of each other, just like how our left and right hands are mirror images. The “L-form” was chosen by nature during the early stages of life on Earth, and all living things, including humans, have followed this pattern.

    The enzymes in our body, which are proteins that help chemical reactions happen, are designed to work with L-amino acids. If the amino acids were in the D-form, the enzymes wouldn’t recognize them properly, and the body wouldn’t be able to use them as building blocks for proteins or for other important functions.

    The preference for L-amino acids is crucial for life because it ensures consistency in the structure and function of proteins. If both L- and D-forms were used, it could lead to errors in protein formation, which might result in non-functional or harmful proteins. So, the L-form has become the standard for amino acids in all living organisms, including humans.

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Roshini Mavuri
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Roshini MavuriBegginer
Asked: August 13, 2024In:
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  1. Dhruvkumar Thakor
    Dhruvkumar Thakor Learner

    DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a molecular biology technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA characteristics. Developed in the 1980s by Sir Alec Jeffreys, this method analyzes specific regions of DNA that are highly variable among individuals, known as shoRead more

    DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a molecular biology technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA characteristics. Developed in the 1980s by Sir Alec Jeffreys, this method analyzes specific regions of DNA that are highly variable among individuals, known as short tandem repeats (STRs) or variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs).

    The process begins with the extraction of DNA from a biological sample, such as blood, saliva, or hair. The extracted DNA is then amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to create sufficient quantities for analysis. Scientists then examine specific loci on the DNA where variations occur, generating a pattern or “fingerprint.”

    DNA fingerprinting has numerous applications, including criminal investigations, paternity testing, and identification of disaster victims. It provides a high level of accuracy and is considered more reliable than traditional fingerprinting methods. However, ethical considerations regarding privacy and consent arise, particularly concerning the storage and use of genetic information. Overall, DNA fingerprinting is a powerful tool that has revolutionized forensic science and genetic research, enabling precise identification and a deeper understanding of genetic relationships.

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Roshini Mavuri
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Roshini MavuriBegginer
Asked: August 13, 2024In:
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  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    New forms of solving diagnostic and therapeutic tasks, as well as individual approaches to treating people, are actively introducing biomedical technology into modern healthcare. 1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare: It has revolutionized diagnostics, predictive analytics and personalized mRead more

    New forms of solving diagnostic and therapeutic tasks, as well as individual approaches to treating people, are actively introducing biomedical technology into modern healthcare.

    1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare: It has revolutionized diagnostics, predictive analytics and personalized medicine as well. AI makes disease diagnosis and detection more accurate, for instance, analyses of Cancer Cell images, uses large patient data to create treatment plans.

    2. Gene Editing with CRISPR: With help of new tools such as CRISPR which alters specific sections of DNA we will be able to treat many hereditary diseases and chronic afflictions. It has the potential of curing some inherent diseases, and developing individualized treatments.

    3. Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine: Besides, stem cell technology is seen as very important in tissue and organ repair. Bioprinting and tissue engineering promote the improvement of organ grafts for the use in areas like organ transplants, and treating burn victims.

    4. Telemedicine and Remote Monitoring: All these technologies have been gradually increasing since the advent of the pandemic offering virtual consultations and wearable devices on patient’s health status. They don’t worsen chronic conditions and improvements in the organization also increase access to health care.

    5. Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR): From surgeries to teaching: how VR and AR change the face of medical education and patients’ treatment.

    6. Big Data and Machine Learning: It creates drugs, track the efficacy of treatment, and optimize output of the patient with dealing with extensive health data speed.

    Health and care is seen in the context of biomedical technology in diagnosis, treatment and the patient-centred model of care.

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Roshini Mavuri
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Roshini MavuriBegginer
Asked: August 13, 2024In:
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  1. Guru
    Guru Enthusiast

    Bioreactors are used for research, development, and production purposes in industries such as pharmaceuticals to create vaccines, fermentation in the food and beverage industry, biofuel production, agriculture, and waste management.

    Bioreactors are used for research, development, and production purposes in industries such as pharmaceuticals to create vaccines, fermentation in the food and beverage industry, biofuel production, agriculture, and waste management.

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Roshini
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RoshiniBegginer
Asked: August 14, 2024In:
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  1. Dhruvkumar Thakor
    Dhruvkumar Thakor Learner

    Autosomal disorders that do not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns are often categorized as complex or non-Mendelian disorders. Unlike classical Mendelian inheritance (dominant, recessive), these conditions arise from more intricate genetic mechanisms, which can include the following:   ###Read more

    Autosomal disorders that do not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns are often categorized as complex or non-Mendelian disorders. Unlike classical Mendelian inheritance (dominant, recessive), these conditions arise from more intricate genetic mechanisms, which can include the following:

     

    ### 1. **Mitochondrial Inheritance:**

    – **Mitochondrial DNA Mutations:** These disorders are passed down from the mother because mitochondria, which have their own DNA, are inherited maternally. An example is **Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON).**

     

    ### 2. **Multifactorial Inheritance:**

    – **Complex Traits:** These involve interactions between multiple genes (polygenic) and environmental factors. Conditions like **Type 2 Diabetes**, **Heart Disease**, and **Cleft Lip/Palate** are influenced by both genetic predispositions and lifestyle or environmental factors.

     

    ### 3. **Genomic Imprinting:**

    – **Imprinted Genes:** Certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. Disorders such as **Prader-Willi Syndrome** and **Angelman Syndrome** arise from the same genetic region on chromosome 15, but the disorder that manifests depends on whether the defective gene is inherited from the mother or the father.

     

    ### 4. **Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders:**

    – **Expansion of DNA Repeats:** These involve the expansion of specific DNA sequences. Disorders like **Huntington’s Disease** and **Fragile X Syndrome** are caused by the abnormal repetition of trinucleotide sequences in the genome.

     

    ### 5. **Mosaicism:**

    – **Somatic Mosaicism:** This occurs when some cells in the body have a different genetic makeup than others, leading to disorders that vary in severity depending on the distribution of the affected cells. An example is **McCune-Albright Syndrome**.

     

    These non-Mendelian disorders are more complex in their inheritance patterns and may involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and stochastic factors. They often require more sophisticated approaches to diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 17, 2024In:
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What are the key biotechnology accomplishments of India? How can these contribute to the betterment of society’s impoverished segments? (200 Words) [UPPSC 2023]

uppsc: bio-technology
  1. Aisha Rao
    Aisha Rao Begginer

    भारत की जैव प्रौद्योगिकी में प्रमुख उपलब्धियाँ स्वास्थ्य और चिकित्सा क्षेत्र: वैकल्पिक चिकित्सा: भारत ने ‘कोवैक्सिन’ और ‘कोविशील्ड’ जैसे COVID-19 टीकों का सफलतापूर्वक विकास किया है। ये टीके न केवल महामारी पर नियंत्रण पाने में सहायक हुए हैं बल्कि गरीब और वंचित वर्गों को सस्ती स्वास्थ्य सेवाएँ प्रदानRead more

    भारत की जैव प्रौद्योगिकी में प्रमुख उपलब्धियाँ

    1. स्वास्थ्य और चिकित्सा क्षेत्र:
      • वैकल्पिक चिकित्सा: भारत ने ‘कोवैक्सिन’ और ‘कोविशील्ड’ जैसे COVID-19 टीकों का सफलतापूर्वक विकास किया है। ये टीके न केवल महामारी पर नियंत्रण पाने में सहायक हुए हैं बल्कि गरीब और वंचित वर्गों को सस्ती स्वास्थ्य सेवाएँ प्रदान कर रहे हैं।
      • जीन थेरपी: ‘पैथोजेन-निर्धारित थेरपी’ जैसी नवाचारों ने मुकुट जीन थेरपी जैसी उपचार विधियों को सक्षम किया है, जो गंभीर आनुवांशिक बीमारियों के इलाज में सहायक हैं।
    2. कृषि क्षेत्र:
      • जैविक फसलें: ‘नैक्सा’ और ‘आईसीआरआईएसएट’ जैसे संस्थानों ने टिकाऊ फसल बीज और सस्टेनेबल कृषि तकनीक का विकास किया है, जो फसल उत्पादन में सुधार और कृषकों की आय बढ़ाने में सहायक हैं।
      • जीएम फसलें: ‘Bt कपास’ और ‘सहित विविध जीएम फसलें’ की खेती ने किसानों को कीट नियंत्रण में मदद की है और उत्पादन में वृद्धि की है।
    3. आवश्यक वस्त्र और दवाएँ:
      • बायोटेक्नोलॉजी से तैयार दवाएँ: भारत ने सस्ते बायोफार्मास्युटिकल्स जैसे ‘एंटीबॉडी’ और ‘हॉर्मोन’ दवाओं का उत्पादन बढ़ाया है, जिससे गरीबों को किफायती दवाएँ मिल रही हैं।

    गरीब वर्ग के उत्थान में मदद

    1. स्वास्थ्य सुधार: सस्ते टीके और दवाएँ गरीब और वंचित वर्गों को जीवनरक्षक स्वास्थ्य सेवाएँ प्रदान करती हैं, जिससे स्वास्थ्य समानता में सुधार होता है।
    2. कृषि वृद्धि: जैव प्रौद्योगिकी द्वारा सुधारित फसलें और तकनीकें कृषकों की उत्पादकता और आय को बढ़ाती हैं, जिससे उनके जीवनस्तर में सुधार होता है।
    3. सामाजिक और आर्थिक लाभ: सस्ते और उपलब्ध चिकित्सा और कृषि संसाधन गरीब वर्गों को आर्थिक स्थिरता और सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रदान करते हैं, जिससे उनकी समग्र भलाई में सुधार होता है।

    हालिया उदाहरण: **2023 में, भारत ने ‘प्रधानमंत्री आयुष्मान भारत योजना’ के तहत सस्ती बायोफार्मास्युटिकल्स और स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं को व्यापक रूप से उपलब्ध कराया है, जो गरीब वर्गों के स्वास्थ्य में सुधार करने में सहायक रहा है।

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Overview of Biotechnology: Introduce biotechnology as the application of biological systems to develop products and solutions. Significance: Highlight its potential to uplift impoverished communities through advancements in various sectors. 2. Body A. Key Research and Development Achievements in Applied ...

upsc: bio-technology
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Biotechnology, the application of biological systems for product development, is a rapidly growing field in India. Its advancements have the potential to significantly uplift impoverished communities, particularly through breakthroughs in healthcare, agriculture, and enviroRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Biotechnology, the application of biological systems for product development, is a rapidly growing field in India. Its advancements have the potential to significantly uplift impoverished communities, particularly through breakthroughs in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental management.

    Body

    Healthcare Advancements

    Biotechnology has transformed healthcare with the development of affordable biosimilar drugs, reducing treatment costs. For instance, Biocon, an Indian biotech firm, has developed affordable insulin, making diabetes management more accessible for low-income patients.

    Disease Diagnostics

    Innovations like Molbio’s Truenat provide quick, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostics for diseases such as tuberculosis, which disproportionately affect economically disadvantaged populations.

    Agricultural Improvements

    Biotechnological innovations have led to genetically modified (GM) crops like Bt Cotton, enhancing yield and pest resistance. These advancements help poor farmers increase their productivity and income, contributing to food security.

    Soil and Water Conservation

    Biotechnology has enabled the development of drought-resistant and saline-tolerant crops, ensuring food security for marginalized farmers in water-scarce regions.

    Environmental Management

    Environmental sustainability is supported through bioremediation techniques. Engineered microbes are used to clean up oil spills, offering cost-effective solutions for pollution in impoverished areas.

    Biofertilizers and Biopesticides

    Biofertilizers, like Rhizobium for leguminous crops, reduce reliance on expensive chemical inputs, increasing yields and lowering costs for farmers.

    Nutrition Enhancement

    Biofortified crops, such as Golden Rice enriched with Vitamin A, can combat malnutrition prevalent in poorer sections of society.

    Waste Management

    Biotechnological innovations like bio-digesters convert organic waste into biogas, providing a low-cost energy source for poor households.

    Livestock and Aquaculture

    Biotechnology enhances livestock productivity through artificial insemination and improves aquaculture with disease management and faster-growing GM fish, providing income sources for poor communities.

    Conclusion

    Biotechnology has vast applications across healthcare, agriculture, and environmental management, offering significant opportunities to uplift poorer sections of society. By focusing on widespread implementation and access to these advancements, India can leverage biotechnology to reduce poverty and enhance quality of life.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce the role of biotechnology in agriculture. Mention how it can uplift the living standards of farmers in India. Body Section 1: Key Areas Where Biotechnology Helps Genetically Modified (GM) Crops Fact: GM crops like Bt cotton show substantial yield improvements ...

upsc: bio-technology
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Biotechnology holds the potential to significantly enhance the living standards of farmers in India by improving crop yields, resilience, and nutritional content while simultaneously reducing input costs. This transformative approach can address various challenges faced byRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Biotechnology holds the potential to significantly enhance the living standards of farmers in India by improving crop yields, resilience, and nutritional content while simultaneously reducing input costs. This transformative approach can address various challenges faced by farmers today.

    Ways Biotechnology Helps Farmers

    1. Genetically Modified (GM) Crops:
      GM crops, such as Bt cotton, have shown remarkable yield improvements. By incorporating the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene, these cotton plants gain resistance to bollworms, a prevalent pest. Consequently, farmers cultivating Bt cotton experience increased yields and reduced pesticide usage, leading to higher incomes and better environmental sustainability.
    2. Drought and Salinity Resistant Crops:
      Biotechnology enables the development of crops that can withstand extreme conditions like drought and salinity. For example, research is underway on a GM rice variety called “Saltol,” which is designed for improved salt tolerance. This innovation could significantly enhance crop yields and farmer incomes in coastal regions with saline soils.
    3. Biofertilizers and Biopesticides:
      Advances in biotechnology are leading to the creation of biofertilizers and biopesticides, which serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical inputs. These products improve soil fertility and crop protection while minimizing environmental impact and reducing farmers’ expenditures on fertilizers and pesticides.
    4. Disease-Resistant Varieties:
      Genetic modification can produce disease-resistant crop varieties, significantly lowering crop losses. For instance, ongoing efforts to develop banana varieties resistant to Panama disease aim to protect the livelihoods of banana farmers from this devastating fungal threat.
    5. Nutrient-Enriched Crops:
      Biotechnology can also address malnutrition by developing nutrient-enriched crops. Golden Rice, a GM variety rich in Vitamin A, exemplifies this approach, potentially improving farmer incomes while combating nutritional deficiencies in rice-dependent regions.

    Conclusion

    The integration of biotechnology in agriculture presents numerous advantages that can fundamentally enhance the lives of Indian farmers. However, it is essential to ensure careful stewardship, rigorous evaluation, and open societal dialogue to address potential ecological or health concerns, ensuring these technologies serve the interests of farmers and society as a whole.

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