Analyze the connections between the “Indian Renaissance” of the nineteenth century and the formation of national identity. (250 words) [UPSC 2019]
Colonialism completely influenced and wrought change in the Indian religious space. Of course, 1. Religious Nationalism Emers Counter Responses: As a result of British colonialism, there came the rise of Hindu nationalism as a response to missionary activities initiated by Christian missionaries andRead more
Colonialism completely influenced and wrought change in the Indian religious space. Of course,
1. Religious Nationalism Emers
Counter Responses: As a result of British colonialism, there came the rise of Hindu nationalism as a response to missionary activities initiated by Christian missionaries and the supposed threats to traditions associated with Hinduism. Organizations like the Arya Samaj and the Hindu Mahasabha rose through advocating a unitary Hindu identity.
-Muslim Responses: Hindu nationalism also led to the growth of Muslim nationalism, which eventually gave birth to the All-India Muslim League. This further led to the partition of India into India and Pakistan.
2. Christian Missionary Activities:
-Spread of Christianity: Christian missionaries actively sought converts, especially among lower castes and tribal communities. This led to the growth of Christianity in certain regions of India.
-Social Reforms: Christian missionaries also contributed to social reforms. They advocated for the abolition of sati and child marriage, among other practices.
3. Codification of Religious Texts:
-Hindu Texts: The British colonial administration contributed to the codification of Hindu religious texts. This had a profound impact on the interpretation and practice of Hinduism.
-Orientalism: The British always approached Indian religion through Orientalism, a theory that makes exotic and romantic what is oriental while continuing with stereotypes.
4. Effect on Religious Practice:
-Changes in Rituals: Colonialism transformed religious rituals and practices. Several traditions were forbidden or adapted according to the tastes of the colonizers.
-Temple Administration: The British also intervened in the administration of Hindu temples, which again led to clashes between traditional authorities and colonial administrators.
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The 19th century 'Indian Renaissance' and the emergence of national identity in India had strong linkages: Intellectual awakening: The Renaissance was marked by an intellectual and cultural awakening among the educated Indians. Thinkers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, and othersRead more
The 19th century ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity in India had strong linkages:
In essence, the 19th century Renaissance catalyzed the evolution of a distinct Indian identity by reviving cultural pride, fostering social reforms, and cultivating nationalist sentiments. This paved the way for the emergence of a cohesive national movement in the 20th century, which ultimately led to India’s independence from colonial rule.
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