1. Securing Connectivity Infrastructure Broadband penetration-There is need for extend broadband to rural areas. This can be done by: Fiber optic cables: Fiber optic networks to be laid down to provide access to high speed internet connection to all the remote areas in the country. Public Wi-Fi hubsRead more
1. Securing Connectivity Infrastructure
Broadband penetration-There is need for extend broadband to rural areas. This can be done by:
Fiber optic cables: Fiber optic networks to be laid down to provide access to high speed internet connection to all the remote areas in the country.
Public Wi-Fi hubs: Setting up nodes of public internet accessibility in churches, schools, libraries and other public places so as to enable students be connected to the internet.
2. Enhancing Technology Access
These will include: A list of subsidized devices for the low-income families residing in rural regions include laptops, tablets and Ericsson smartphones that are sold at subsidized costs while the cheap data plans include the school data.
This can be information literacy involving computer literacy and learning resources; online learning resources; and online learning mediums.
These are community based learning centers equipped with computers and internet connection whereby the student would use to access material online, with the support of the teacher and volunteers.
-One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) Initiatives: Furthering of the examples such as OLPC, where students are given laptops and education software, and many others.
3. Optimisation of the solution of online learning
Development of Offline learning materials: Besides hard copies, learning material in CDs and DVDs; offline mode of learning web-sites so that in case internet is not working properly, the students have this option.
Use Community Radio and Television: How you will reach the target community is by using the radio and television stations to pass information and give guidelines on how to embark on online lessons.
Teacher Training on Online Pedagogy: Assisting teachers with how to teach online classes which include understanding and implementing online platforms, development of online effective content and participating in the management of online students.
4. Students – equity and teacher-student relations
-Equitable Access: Socio-economic differences; they include: No one is disadvantaged as all students can access the e-learning resources and support.
-Gender and Disability: Service learning to address the needs of girls and learners with disability in issues of access and use of online learning.
5. Government Initiatives and Partnerships
Public-Private Partnerships: An initiative of forging linkages with private sector partner companies for the provisioning of affordable internet access and technology solution for rural communities.
-Government Subsidies and Incentives: to incentivize all telecom companies and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to take their services to rural areas.
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The three new criminal laws which will come into effect from July 1st are Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023. The laws will replace the Indian Penal code,1860(IPC), the code of criminal procedure,1973(CRPC),and the Indian EvideRead more
The three new criminal laws which will come into effect from July 1st are Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023.
The laws will replace the Indian Penal code,1860(IPC), the code of criminal procedure,1973(CRPC),and the Indian Evidence act ,1872(IEA) respectively.
1)Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita ,2023:
UAPA’s definition of ‘terrorist act’ adopted :
Section 113 of the act has modified the definition of the crime of terrorism to entirely adopt the existing definition under section 15 of the unlawful activities act, 1967(UAPA)
* Damage to monetary stability of India by way of production or smuggling or circulation of counterfeit Indian paper currency,coin or of any other material has also been added as a terrorist offence.The offence is punishable with death or imprisonment for life.
Crimes against women and children:
Provisions related to the gang rape of a minor woman are consistent with the protection of children from sexual offences act(Pocso)
*A provision for life imprisonment or death penalty in the case of girls below 18 years of age has also been made.
* Innovative legal procedures:
Features like zero FIR allow complaints to be field at any police station, streamlining the information of legal action.
*Mental illness replaced by unsoundness of mind
* Enhancement of minimum punishment for mob lynching
2) Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita,2023:
*Community service defined;
Under section 24, work which the court may order a convict to perform as a form of punishment that benefits the community,for which he shall not be entitled by any remuneration.
* A magistrate of the first or second class has been specifically empowered to impose this punishment to encourage a more reparative approach to minor crimes.
*Handcuffing:
It should be restricted to select heinous crimes like rape and murder instead of extending its usage to persona who have been accused of committing economic offences.
*Preventive detention powers:
The detained person must be produced before the magistrate or released in petty cases within 24 hours.
3) Bharatiya Sakshya(Second),2023:
*Admissibility of electronic evidence:
Section 61 of the original bill allowed the admissibility of electronic evidence by underscoring that an electronic record shall have the same legal effect as a paper record.
*This provision bas now been revised to state that the admissibility of an electronic record is subject to section 63(corresponding to the requirement of a certificate under section 65 B of the Indian Evidence act)
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