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Constitutional Development (1773-1858)

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Home/British Governance/Constitutional Development (1773-1858)/Page 2

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Rutuja Ahire
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Rutuja AhireBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In: , , , ,
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  1. Khushi
    Khushi Begginer

    The Constitution of India and the Constitution of the United States share some similarities, but there are also significant differences. Here are some key differences: 1. Length: The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world, with 397 articles, while the US Constitution haRead more

    The Constitution of India and the Constitution of the United States share some similarities, but there are also significant differences. Here are some key differences:

    1. Length: The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world, with 397 articles, while the US Constitution has just 7 articles.

    2. Federalism: India is a federal union with a strong central government, while the US is a federation of states with greater autonomy.

    3. Bill of Rights: The US Constitution has a separate Bill of Rights (the first 10 amendments), while the Indian Constitution incorporates fundamental rights within the main text (Part III).

    4. Judicial Review: Both constitutions have judicial review powers, but the Indian Supreme Court has more extensive powers.

    5. Amendment Process: The US Constitution has a more rigid amendment process (requiring 2/3 majority in both Houses and ratification by 3/4 states), while the Indian Constitution allows for easier amendments (simple majority in both Houses).

    6. Directive Principles: India’s Constitution includes Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV), which are non-justiciable guidelines for governance, whereas the US Constitution does not have similar provisions.

    7. Emergency Provisions: India’s Constitution has more comprehensive emergency provisions (Article 352-360), while the US Constitution has limited provisions for national emergencies.

    8. Secularism: India is a secular country (Article 25-28), whereas the US has no explicit mention of secularism in its Constitution.

    9. Economic and Social Rights: India’s Constitution includes economic and social rights (Part IV), whereas the US Constitution primarily focuses on political and civil rights.

    10. Preamble: The Indian Constitution’s preamble emphasizes justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, while the US Constitution’s preamble emphasizes establishing a more perfect union and promoting general welfare.

    These differences reflect the unique historical, cultural, and political contexts of each country.

     

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Sachin Verma
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Sachin VermaBegginer
Asked: July 11, 2024In: , ,
  • 2

The constitutionally mandated Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is in charge of choosing and hiring applicants for a range of civil services and positions within the Union Government. These positions include the Indian Police Service (IPS), Indian Administrative Service (IAS), ...

  1. Krishna Rao
    Krishna Rao Learner

    Role of UPSC: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is an autonomous constitutional body that plays a crucial role in recruiting and selecting candidates for various civil services and posts in the Government of India. The UPSC is responsible for: Conducting competitive exams for recruitment toRead more

    Role of UPSC:

    The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is an autonomous constitutional body that plays a crucial role in recruiting and selecting candidates for various civil services and posts in the Government of India. The UPSC is responsible for:

    1. Conducting competitive exams for recruitment to various civil services and posts.
    2. Recommending candidates for appointment to the respective posts.
    3. Assisting the government in framing policies and procedures for recruitment.
    4. Providing advice on matters related to personnel management.

    The UPSC is responsible for conducting exams for recruitment to the following services:

    • Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
    • Indian Foreign Service (IFS)
    • Indian Police Service (IPS)
    • Indian Revenue Service (IRS)
    • Indian Forest Service (IFS)
    • Central Services Group ‘A’ and Group ‘B’ posts.

    Constitutional Provisions to Safeguard and Ensure Independence and Impartial Functioning of UPSC:

    The following Constitutional provisions safeguard and ensure the independence and impartial functioning of the UPSC:

    1. Article 315: The UPSC is established by the Constitution as an independent authority to advise the Government on matters related to recruitment.
    2. Article 316: The UPSC has a Chairperson and other members, who are appointed by the President of India.
    3. Article 317: The Chairperson and members of the UPSC hold office until they reach the age of 65 years or until they resign or are removed by the President of India.
    4. Article 320: The UPSC is responsible for making recommendations for appointment to civil services and posts in the Government of India.
    5. Article 323-A: The UPSC has the power to conduct its own examinations and interviews, and to decide on the results.
    6. Article 324: The UPSC is responsible for conducting elections to the Rajya Sabha (the Upper House of the Indian Parliament) and Lok Sabha (the Lower House of the Indian Parliament).
    7. Article 325: The UPSC is responsible for conducting polls to the offices of Vice-President of India, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, and Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
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Anonymous
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Anonymous
Asked: July 13, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , ,
  • 1

ANSWERS PLZZZ!!

developing countriesethicsgovernmentindiamoralspoliticsspeakupworld
  1. Bhargavi Saraf
    Bhargavi Saraf Begginer

    India is still considered a developing country primarily due to several key factors that hinder its progress towards becoming a developed nation. Firstly, despite rapid economic growth and advancements in various sectors, India faces persistent challenges such as poverty, income inequality, and lackRead more

    India is still considered a developing country primarily due to several key factors that hinder its progress towards becoming a developed nation.

    Firstly, despite rapid economic growth and advancements in various sectors, India faces persistent challenges such as poverty, income inequality, and lack of widespread access to basic services like healthcare and education. These disparities are significant and continue to widen the gap between the affluent and the marginalized populations.

    Secondly, infrastructure development remains inadequate in many parts of the country. While urban centers showcase modern infrastructure, rural areas often lack basic amenities like roads, electricity, and sanitation facilities, which are crucial for sustainable development.

    Thirdly, India’s demographic dividend, characterized by a large and youthful population, presents both opportunities and challenges. While the youth population can drive economic growth and innovation, issues such as unemployment and underemployment remain prevalent, indicating a mismatch between skill development and job market needs.

    Moreover, governance issues, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and corruption have historically impeded effective policy implementation and economic progress. These factors, combined with environmental challenges and regional disparities, contribute to India’s classification as a developing nation despite its economic potential and global influence.

    In essence, while India has made significant strides in various domains, addressing these multifaceted challenges comprehensively is essential to transitioning from a developing to a developed country status.

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Jeevan Prasad
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Jeevan PrasadBegginer
Asked: September 21, 2024In:
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What effects did the Charter Acts have on British India’s system of government?

upsc: constitutional development (1773-1858)
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    The British India Charter Acts (1773-1853) were a series of laws that centralized power expanded British authority and introduced administrative reforms shaping the governance structure of British India and maintaining British control.The Charter Acts, a series of legislation passed by the British PRead more

    The British India Charter Acts (1773-1853) were a series of laws that centralized power expanded British authority and introduced administrative reforms shaping the governance structure of British India and maintaining British control.The Charter Acts, a series of legislation passed by the British Parliament between 1773 and 1853 had significant implications for the governance structure of British India –

    Centralization of Power –

    • The Charter Act of 1773 established the Supreme Court in Calcutta which had jurisdiction over all British subjects in India.
    • The Charter Act of 1833 created the office of the Governor General of India, who was responsible for governing the entire territory.

     

    Expansion of British Authority –

    • The Charter Act of 1813 abolished the East India Company’s monopoly on trade in India opening up the region to British merchants.
    • The Charter Acts facilitated the expansion of British territory in India through the Doctrine of Lapse and other policies.

     

    Administrative Reforms  –

    • The Charter Acts introduced a bureaucratic system with a clear hierarchy of officials and a standardized system of administration.
    • The Charter Act of 1853 created the Indian Civil Service which recruited officials through competitive examinations.

     

    Limitations and Criticisms –

    • The Charter Acts did not provide for adequate Indian representation in the governance structure leading to criticisms of being undemocratic.
    • The Charter Acts maintained British control over India with the British Parliament holding the ultimate authority over Indian affairs.

     

    In conclusion, the Charter Acts had a profound impact on the governance structure of British India, centralizing power, expanding British authority and introducing administrative reforms. However, they also faced criticisms for lacking Indian representation and maintaining British control.

     

     

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Jeevan Prasad
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Jeevan PrasadBegginer
Asked: September 21, 2024In:
  • 0

What impact did the establishment of the British judiciary have at this time on India’s legal system?

upsc: constitutional development (1773-1858)
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    The British judiciary in India introduced a common law system, codified laws and established a hierarchical court structure modernizing the Indian legal framework.The introduction of the British judiciary in India significantly impacted the legal landscape during this period (1757-1947). Key effectsRead more

    The British judiciary in India introduced a common law system, codified laws and established a hierarchical court structure modernizing the Indian legal framework.The introduction of the British judiciary in India significantly impacted the legal landscape during this period (1757-1947). Key effects include –

    Establishment of a New Legal System –

    • The British introduced the common law system which replaced the existing Hindu and Muslim legal systems.
    • A hierarchical system of courts and tribunals was established with the Supreme Court at the apex.

     

    Changes in Laws and Regulations –

    • The British codified Indian laws creating a comprehensive and systematic legal framework.
    • New laws such as the Indian Penal Code (1860) and the Code of Civil Procedure (1859) were introduced.

     

    Impact on Traditional Indian Law –

    • The British judiciary eroded the authority of traditional Indian legal institutions such as the village panchayats.
    • The introduction of British laws and courts led to a loss of cultural significance and relevance of traditional Indian laws.

     

    Benefits and Drawbacks –

    • The British judiciary brought modernization and standardization to the Indian legal system.
    • The establishment of courts and tribunals increased access to justice for Indians.
    • The imposition of British laws and institutions was seen as a form of cultural imperialism, undermining Indian traditions and customs.

     

    In conclusion, the introduction of the British judiciary in India had a profound impact on the legal landscape bringing about both positive and negative changes.

     

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Jay Sorte
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Jay SorteBegginer
Asked: July 12, 2024In: , , ,
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The Indian Constitution is a living document that has successfully adapted to the changing needs of society while maintaining its core principles. Critically analyze.

question
  1. muskaan garg
    muskaan garg Begginer

    The Indian Constitution, often described as a living document, has evolved significantly since its inception on January 26, 1950. Adaptability Through Amendments The Indian Constitution includes provisions for its own amendment under Article 368, allowing it to evolve over time. This has led to overRead more

    The Indian Constitution, often described as a living document, has evolved significantly since its inception on January 26, 1950.

    Adaptability Through Amendments

    The Indian Constitution includes provisions for its own amendment under Article 368, allowing it to evolve over time. This has led to over 100 amendments, addressing various social, economic, and political changes.

    Notable amendments include the First Amendment (1951) for land reforms and restrictions on speech, the Forty-Second Amendment (1976) which added “Socialist” and “Secular” to the Preamble, and the Seventy-Third and Seventy-Fourth Amendments (1992) that bolstered local governance.

    Judicial Interpretation

    Judicial interpretation has played a crucial role in this evolution. Landmark cases like Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) introduced the Basic Structure Doctrine, ensuring that core constitutional features remain unaltered. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) expanded the interpretation of the right to life and personal liberty, reflecting the judiciary’s role in adapting constitutional protections to contemporary needs.

    Balancing Core Principles with Modern Needs

    Despite numerous changes, the core principles of democracy, secularism, socialism, and the rule of law have remained intact. Secularism, for example, has been continuously reinterpreted in response to societal changes. Fundamental rights have been dynamically expanded, as seen in the recognition of the right to privacy (Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, 2017).

    Challenges and Conclusion

    Challenges include political influences on amendments, potentially undermining neutrality, and implementation gaps in areas like social justice and equality. Nevertheless, the Constitution’s adaptability underscores its resilience and relevance, necessitating ongoing vigilance to ensure it continues to serve the nation’s best interests while preserving its fundamental ethos.

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Anchal Soni
  • 1
Anchal SoniBegginer
Asked: July 20, 2024In: , , , , , , , , ,
  • 1

constitutiondemocracyopposition
  1. Shivam Anand
    Shivam Anand Begginer

    A well-functioning democracy requires an amplified opposition voice, not just noise. In the past decade, disruptions have overshadowed genuine concerns, leading to: Reduced Scrutiny: Constant boycotts hinder proper debate on crucial policies. Polarization: Point-scoring deepens divides, hindering coRead more

    A well-functioning democracy requires an amplified opposition voice, not just noise. In the past decade, disruptions have overshadowed genuine concerns, leading to:

    • Reduced Scrutiny: Constant boycotts hinder proper debate on crucial policies.
    • Polarization: Point-scoring deepens divides, hindering constructive dialogue.

    To improve Parliament’s efficiency, consider:

    • Enforcing Norms: Respectful discourse promotes serious debate.
    • Dedicated Time: Allocate specific time for the opposition to propose amendments and offer constructive criticism.
    • Committee Focus: Empower committees for detailed bill scrutiny.

    By amplifying the opposition’s voice through these measures, Parliament can become a platform for informed debate, leading to stronger policymaking.

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