International Relations

Model Answer

Introduction

India’s Look East Policy (LEP), initiated in 1991, aimed to bolster economic and strategic ties with Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific. In the post-Cold War international scenario, this policy has been pivotal for India to leverage its geographical advantages and tap into the dynamic economies of these regions.

Economic Dimension

1. Integration with ASEAN

The LEP led to India becoming a full dialogue partner of ASEAN in 1995, significantly enhancing economic cooperation.

2. Trade Growth

India-ASEAN trade skyrocketed from $2.9 billion in 1993 to $82.5 billion in 2020, showcasing the growing economic interdependence (Source: Ministry of Commerce, India).

3. Investment Inflows

Indian investment in ASEAN reached $41.9 billion in 2019, particularly in sectors like manufacturing, telecommunications, and energy (Source: ASEAN Investment Report 2020).

4. Economic Reforms

The liberalization policies introduced in the 1990s attracted foreign direct investment (FDI), enhancing India’s economic growth and competitiveness.

Strategic Dimension

1. Counterbalancing China

The LEP serves to counterbalance China’s expanding influence in Southeast Asia, promoting a multipolar regional order.

2. Maritime Cooperation

India has engaged in maritime security initiatives with ASEAN nations, emphasizing the importance of a rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific.

3. Regional Groupings

Joining the East Asia Summit (EAS) in 2005 allowed India to participate in crucial regional security discussions, enhancing its strategic footprint.

4. Strengthening Security Partnerships

India has reinforced security cooperation with ASEAN countries through joint military exercises and defense agreements, solidifying its status as a regional power.

5. Connectivity Initiatives

Key projects like the India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway and the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project aim to enhance connectivity and trade between India and Southeast Asia.

Conclusion

India’s Look East Policy has succeeded in both economic and strategic dimensions, deepening integration with the Asia-Pacific region and enhancing strategic engagement with global powers like the United States and Japan. In the post-Cold War context, the LEP has established India as a significant player, contributing to regional stability and prosperity.