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International Relations

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Home/International Relations

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 13, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Purpose: Introduce the longstanding friendship between India and Sri Lanka. Key Points: Highlight the cultural, economic, and political ties between the two nations. State that India’s role in Sri Lanka’s recent crisis reflects this deep-rooted relationship. 2. Background: Reasons for ...

upsc: bilateral relations
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction India and Sri Lanka share a long-standing friendship, characterized by deep cultural, economic, and political ties. In light of the recent crisis in Sri Lanka, India’s response has been shaped by this relationship, providing support in areas such as COVID-19 assistance, ecoRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    India and Sri Lanka share a long-standing friendship, characterized by deep cultural, economic, and political ties. In light of the recent crisis in Sri Lanka, India’s response has been shaped by this relationship, providing support in areas such as COVID-19 assistance, economic challenges, and diplomatic engagement.

    Background: Reasons for the Crisis in Sri Lanka

    Ethnic Tensions

    Sri Lanka has faced persistent ethnic tensions, particularly between the majority Sinhalese and the minority Tamil communities. Historical discrimination against Tamils in education, employment, and government representation has fueled discontent.

    Civil War Legacy

    The 26-year civil war with the Tamil Tigers, which ended in 2009, left profound scars and divisions within the country. The aftermath has led to ongoing political power struggles and instability.

    Economic Challenges

    High levels of debt, unemployment, and systemic corruption have exacerbated economic instability. The COVID-19 pandemic further worsened these challenges, impacting livelihoods and governance.

    International Pressure

    The international community’s calls for accountability regarding human rights abuses during the civil war have complicated reconciliation efforts.

    India’s Role During the Crisis

    COVID-19 Assistance

    India has provided essential medical supplies and equipment to bolster Sri Lanka’s COVID-19 response, demonstrating its commitment to the health of its neighbor.

    Economic Support

    India extended lines of credit and financial assistance to help Sri Lanka navigate its economic challenges, reflecting a proactive approach to regional stability.

    Diplomatic Engagement

    Through the India-Sri Lanka Joint Commission, India has engaged in diplomatic efforts aimed at fostering stability and reconciliation in Sri Lanka.

    Defense Cooperation

    India has collaborated with Sri Lanka to enhance defense capabilities, particularly in maritime security, ensuring regional safety.

    Cultural Ties

    India supports cultural exchanges and preservation efforts, reinforcing the strong cultural bonds that exist between the two nations.

    Conclusion

    India has played a crucial role in supporting Sri Lanka during its recent crisis, demonstrating the depth of their bilateral relationship. To ensure long-term stability, India should continue to advocate for reconciliation and economic development in Sri Lanka while respecting its sovereignty.

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Darshan Suresh
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Darshan SureshBegginer
Asked: January 21, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction What is CBAM? Introduce CBAM as a policy designed by the European Union to address carbon leakage by imposing a carbon price on imports of certain high-carbon products. Mention the implementation timeline (2026) and the targeted products such ...

upsc: important international institutions
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), set to be implemented in 2026, aims to reduce carbon leakage by applying a carbon price to imports of high-carbon products from countries with less stringent climate policies. India, a significant exporter of carbon-intensiRead more

    Model Answer

    The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), set to be implemented in 2026, aims to reduce carbon leakage by applying a carbon price to imports of high-carbon products from countries with less stringent climate policies. India, a significant exporter of carbon-intensive goods, could face several challenges:

    1. Trade Flow Disruptions: CBAM targets products like iron, steel, cement, aluminum, and fertilizers. Over 50% of India’s exports to the EU could be affected, disrupting key trade relationsStrained Trade Relations: The unilateral implementation of CBAM could lead to tensions between India and the EU, potentially escalating to disputes in global forums like the World Trade Organization (WTO) .

    3.nce Costs and Competitiveness**: Indian exporters may face higher costs for monitoring, reporting, and verifying emissions. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), integral to India’s industrial landscape, could struggle with the added financial burden .

    Steps Indi to Mitigate the Effects

    To mitigate these challenges, India can adopt the following strategies:

    1. Mobilizing International Support: India could join forces with other developing nations affected by CBAM to voice concerns at platforms like the WTO, pushing for a more equitable approach to climate-related trade policies .
    2. Policy and Regunges: Aligning domestic policies with CBAM requirements, such as enhancing carbon efficiency in production, could help India stay competitive. For instance, integrating decarbonization principles into the National Steel Policy (2017) would be a proactive step .
    3. Promotion of Carbon Tradingcan develop a carbon trading system similar to the EU’s Emissions Trading System (ETS). This would help reduce the carbon intensity of exports, potentially lowering CBAM-related costs. India could also leverage Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) to demonstrate reduced emissions .
    4. **Negotiating Technology Transfer and *: Engaging with the EU to secure clean technology transfers and financial support would enable India to improve the carbon efficiency of its industrial sectors. A portion of CBAM revenue could be allocated to support India’s climate goals .

    By focusing on these measures, India can protect interests, promote cleaner production, and work towards its long-term sustainability and development goals.

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Nitu Singh
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Nitu SinghBegginer
Asked: June 6, 2024In:
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Highlight India’s involvement in UN peacekeeping missions. It also draws attention to the difficulties that the UN peacekeeping personnel encounter. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: important international institutions
  1. Animesh Singh
    Animesh Singh Learner

    Answer: The UN peacekeeping forces have been helping countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace for over seven decades. UN peacekeepers have undertaken 71 field missions and a total of 119 countries have contributed military and police personnel to UN peacekeeping including India.Read more

    Answer: The UN peacekeeping forces have been helping countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace for over seven decades. UN peacekeepers have undertaken 71 field missions and a total of 119 countries have contributed military and police personnel to UN peacekeeping including India. India’s contributions towards UN peacekeeping efforts include:

    • India has a long and distinguished history of service in UN peacekeeping, having contributed more personnel than any other country. To date, more than 2,53,000 Indians have served in 49 of the 71 UN peacekeeping missions established around the world since 1948.
    • India served as chair of the three international commissions for supervision and control for Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos established by the 1954 Geneva Accords on Indochina.
    • In 2007, India became the first country to deploy an all-women contingent to a UN peacekeeping mission in Liberia.
    • Indian peacekeepers in the South Sudan mission also distinguished themselves through humanitarian service, including organizing medical camps, providing vocational training, carrying out significant road repair work, etc.
    • The Indian contingent in the Upper Nile region received UN medals of honor for their dedication and service in peacekeeping. to UN missions.
    • Indian peacekeepers have also brought the ancient Indian practice of yoga Members of the UN mission in Lebanon, UNIFIL and UNMISS, South Sudan celebrate International Yoga Day.
    • India has also provided 15 Force Commanders to various missions and was the first country to contribute to the Trust Fund on sexual exploitation and abuse, which was set up in 2016.
    • As many as 177 Indian peacekeepers have lost their lives while serving in UN peacekeeping missions, the highest from any troop-contributing country.

    Challenges currently faced by the UN peacekeeping force:

    • Safety of peacekeepers: The UN Security Council needs to call on host nations to ensure the implementation of measures adopted by the Council under Resolution 2589 of 2021 to address the issue of impunity of crimes against peacekeepers.
    • Redundant missions: There are several examples of missions without any exit strategy, thereby draining the UN’s depleting resources. For instance, the UN mission to the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2021 continues to deploy 17783 people including 12,384 troops despite starting as a small mission.
    • Organizational challenges: Issues such as lack of coordination between the host nation and peacekeeping forces, no role of troop and police-contributing countries in the decision-making process, etc. result in unrealistic mission mandates. Further, the lack of power on the part of the UN Secretariat to ensure accountability of military forces deployed on UN missions leads to poor execution.
    • Operational challenges: There is a need to introduce new and advanced technology in peacekeeping missions as well as strengthen the capabilities of the host states’ security forces to overcome security and mandate implementation challenges. Moving forward, prudent deployment of peacekeeping missions and establishing trust and coordination between the peacekeeping mission’s leadership and the host state would remain the key to achieving desired outcomes.
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Vaibhav Dhanorkar
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Poll
Vaibhav DhanorkarBegginer
Asked: July 17, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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Which IT security threat concerns you the most?

  1. Josepaul Jenson
    Josepaul Jenson Begginer

    Phishing attacks can be mostly avoided because most of the phishing websites looks very different from the original websites (there are exceptions to). So it's much easier to avoid such attacks easier. Data breaches are a little more scarier according to the amount of important data you have withinRead more

    Phishing attacks can be mostly avoided because most of the phishing websites looks very different from the original websites (there are exceptions to). So it’s much easier to avoid such attacks easier.

    Data breaches are a little more scarier according to the amount of important data you have within you. It’s highly effective for larger companies who depends on digital data, and breaching them would bring a lot of damage to their company.

    But ransomwares are the deadliest among these. It not only holds on to our data, but also asks ransom for freeing the data, and even can take control on the target system. The most scarier part is that everything happens under the hood, so we can’t even see or block what’s happening.

    So for me, Ransomware‘s are the most deadliest among the options that you have given.

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Nitika Agarwal
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Nitika AgarwalBegginer
Asked: July 20, 2024In:
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What is the impact of India’s economic rise on its neighborhood?

question
  1. Pragya Chettri
    Pragya Chettri Begginer

    India’s is a growing economic power and its neighbours are benefiting from her. India is Bangladesh’s Biggest Trading partner whereas Bangladesh is India’s 9th biggest trading partner globally. China and India may have political animosity but China is still thriving in Indian markets and China is InRead more

    India’s is a growing economic power and its neighbours are benefiting from her. India is Bangladesh’s Biggest Trading partner whereas Bangladesh is India’s 9th biggest trading partner globally. China and India may have political animosity but China is still thriving in Indian markets and China is India biggest trading partner and its biggest rival in production.

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Yuvaan Iyer
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Yuvaan IyerLearner
Asked: July 18, 2024In:
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Examine the relevance of the diaspora’s involvement in India’s cultural diplomacy, taking into account their contribution to the international promotion of Indian music, film, and art. Talk about the government’s efforts to take use of the diaspora’s soft power and ...

upsc: indian diaspora
  1. Puja Singh
    Puja Singh Begginer

    The Indian diaspora plays a crucial role in India's cultural diplomacy by promoting Indian arts, music, and cinema globally. Their engagement enhances India's soft power, fosters cultural exchange, and strengthens diplomatic ties with countries around the world. The Indian government has recognizedRead more

    The Indian diaspora plays a crucial role in India’s cultural diplomacy by promoting Indian arts, music, and cinema globally. Their engagement enhances India’s soft power, fosters cultural exchange, and strengthens diplomatic ties with countries around the world. The Indian government has recognized this potential and implemented various initiatives to leverage the diaspora’s cultural influence effectively.

    Significance of Diaspora Engagement in Cultural Diplomacy:
    Promotion of Indian Arts and Culture:

    Arts and Music Festivals: Diaspora communities organize and participate in festivals celebrating Indian classical music, dance forms (like Bharatanatyam, Kathak, etc.), and folk traditions. These events showcase India’s rich cultural heritage and traditions to global audiences.
    Cultural Performances: Diaspora artists and performers contribute to international stages, enhancing visibility and appreciation for Indian arts and culture.
    Global Reach of Indian Cinema (Bollywood):

    Film Festivals: Indian diaspora communities host film festivals that feature Bollywood movies and regional cinema, attracting diverse audiences and promoting Indian narratives globally.
    Cinematic Influence: Bollywood’s popularity abroad influences global film trends, fashion, music, and cultural perceptions, thereby contributing to India’s cultural diplomacy efforts.
    Educational and Cultural Exchange:

    Language and Cultural Centers: Diaspora organizations establish language schools, cultural centers, and academies that teach Indian languages (like Hindi, Tamil, etc.) and offer courses in traditional arts, music, and yoga. This promotes cultural understanding and strengthens ties with local communities.
    Government Initiatives to Leverage Diaspora Cultural Influence:
    Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD):

    An annual event organized by the Indian government to engage with the diaspora and showcase India’s cultural heritage. PBD includes cultural performances, exhibitions, and awards that recognize diaspora contributions to Indian arts and culture.
    Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR):

    The ICCR promotes Indian culture and fosters cultural diplomacy through international cultural exchange programs, artist residencies, and collaborations with diaspora artists and cultural organizations.
    Film and Media Promotion:

    The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting supports initiatives to promote Indian cinema abroad through film festivals, screenings, and collaborations with international media platforms. This enhances India’s soft power and cultural influence globally.
    Cultural Diplomacy Grants and Sponsorships:

    Government grants and sponsorships support diaspora-led cultural events, exhibitions, and performances that promote Indian arts, music, and traditions internationally.
    Challenges and Opportunities:
    Preservation of Authenticity:

    Balancing traditional art forms with contemporary expressions while preserving authenticity can be challenging in diaspora cultural initiatives. Efforts are needed to maintain cultural integrity while adapting to global audiences.
    Resource Mobilization:

    Ensuring sustainable funding and resources for diaspora cultural activities requires collaborative efforts between government agencies, diaspora organizations, and private sponsors.
    Audience Engagement and Impact Measurement:

    Evaluating the impact of cultural diplomacy initiatives and assessing audience engagement can help refine strategies and enhance effectiveness in promoting Indian culture abroad.
    Conclusion:
    The Indian diaspora’s engagement in India’s cultural diplomacy significantly enhances the country’s soft power and global influence. Through their promotion of Indian arts, music, and cinema, diaspora communities contribute to cultural exchange, mutual understanding, and stronger diplomatic relations worldwide. Government initiatives to leverage diaspora cultural influence, such as PBD, ICCR programs, and support for film and media promotion, play a crucial role in fostering collaboration and amplifying India’s cultural narrative on the global stage. As India continues to engage with its diaspora in cultural diplomacy, these efforts will further strengthen India’s position as a cultural hub and promote global appreciation for its diverse heritage.

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Sweta Singh
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Sweta SinghLearner
Asked: June 11, 2024In:
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India can assume the task of providing net security in the Indian Ocean region and is a trustworthy partner. Discuss. (250 words)

upsc: india & neighbourhood
  1. Thogaimaran T G
    Thogaimaran T G Begginer

    India has indeed emerged as a significant net security provider in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). Operational Successes: The Indian Navy has been actively involved in responding to incidents in the IOR. Since December 2023, it has handled 18 such incidents, playing a crucial role as the “first respoRead more

    India has indeed emerged as a significant net security provider in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

    1. Operational Successes:
      • The Indian Navy has been actively involved in responding to incidents in the IOR. Since December 2023, it has handled 18 such incidents, playing a crucial role as the “first responder” and a “preferred security partner” during emergencies.
      • Recent missions include rescuing hijacked fishing vessels, providing critical care to seafarers after attacks, and thwarting piracy attempts.
      • India’s naval assets have demonstrated their strategic utility and humanitarian potential, as seen during relief efforts after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and other natural disasters.
    2. Diplomatic Standing:
      • India’s commitment to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief has enhanced its diplomatic standing.
      • Participation in core relief groups alongside the United States, Japan, and Australia showcases India’s capability and readiness in crisis management.
    3. Leadership Roles:
      • India actively engages in international forums like the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS), where it assumes leadership roles.
      • Its contributions extend beyond security to economic capabilities and maritime safety for friends and partners in the region.

    In summary, India’s proactive approach, operational successes, and diplomatic engagement position it as a reliable net security provider in the Indian Ocean. Its commitment to safety and humanitarian assistance underscores its trustworthiness as a partner in the IOR. 

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Reena Bhatt
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Reena BhattBegginer
Asked: August 20, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Context: Briefly introduce ECOSOC as a principal organ of the United Nations. Thesis Statement: State that ECOSOC plays a vital role in promoting economic and social cooperation and has several functional commissions that support its objectives. 2. Main ...

upsc: important international institutions
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is a principal organ of the UN, essential for promoting international economic and social cooperation. It facilitates coordination among various UN bodies, specialized agencies, and other international organizations. MRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is a principal organ of the UN, essential for promoting international economic and social cooperation. It facilitates coordination among various UN bodies, specialized agencies, and other international organizations.

    Main Functions of ECOSOC

    1. Coordination

    ECOSOC serves as a platform for coordinating economic and social development policies. It fosters dialogue and collaboration among UN agencies and international organizations to achieve global development goals.

    2. Policy Formulation

    The council develops policies and guidelines for economic and social development. Through research and analysis, it addresses global development issues, informing effective policymaking.

    3. Standard-Setting

    ECOSOC sets international standards on a variety of economic, social, and environmental issues. It promotes global policies and practices aimed at sustainable development.

    4. Financing for Development

    The council coordinates and promotes global financing for development, mobilizing resources through partnerships with governments, international financial institutions, and the private sector.

    Functional Commissions Attached to ECOSOC

    1. Commission on Population and Development

    This commission focuses on population policies and their implications for economic and social development, reviewing and recommending policies related to population growth and migration.

    2. Commission on Science and Technology for Development

    It emphasizes the role of science and technology in development, promoting policies that advance these fields and support technology transfer to developing countries.

    3. Commission on Sustainable Development

    This commission is dedicated to promoting sustainable development globally, addressing environmental challenges such as climate change and ecosystem management.

    4. Commission on Narcotic Drugs

    Focused on drug control, this commission develops strategies to combat drug trafficking, abuse, and addiction through comprehensive policies.

    Conclusion

    ECOSOC is vital for fostering international economic and social cooperation. Its various commissions, including those on population, science and technology, sustainable development, and narcotic drugs, address critical issues related to global development. Through its efforts, ECOSOC contributes significantly to achieving the UN’s sustainable development goals.

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Ajay Sundar
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Ajay SundarLearner
Asked: February 18, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Briefly introduce the geopolitical context. State the significance of India as an alternative to China. 2. Understanding Supply Chain Diversification Definition: Explain what supply chain diversification means. Example: Highlight Apple’s move to manufacture iPhones in India. Fact: Apple’s production in India ...

upsc: international relations
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction In the context of rising geopolitical tensions, the West is strategically fostering India to reduce dependence on China's supply chain while also positioning it as a key ally against China's political and economic dominance. This approach encompasses various dimensions, incRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    In the context of rising geopolitical tensions, the West is strategically fostering India to reduce dependence on China’s supply chain while also positioning it as a key ally against China’s political and economic dominance. This approach encompasses various dimensions, including supply chain diversification, trade agreements, and defense cooperation.

    Supply Chain Diversification

    The West is actively encouraging India to become a manufacturing hub. A notable example is Apple, which has begun manufacturing iPhones in India, significantly reducing its reliance on Chinese production facilities. This shift aligns with broader initiatives like the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), which aims to enhance trade and economic engagement in the region (U.S. Department of State, 2022).

    Strategic Trade Agreements

    The establishment of trade councils, such as the India-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC), is another critical effort. This council aims to enhance technological collaboration and drive investments in India’s industrial sectors, making it a global manufacturing powerhouse (European Commission, 2022).

    Defense Cooperation

    To counter China’s influence, the West is enhancing military partnerships with India. The US-India Defense Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI) exemplifies this commitment, focusing on defense technology collaboration to bolster India’s military capabilities (U.S. Department of Defense, 2023). Additionally, joint naval exercises, like the Quad naval drills, serve as a demonstration of military cooperation among India, the US, Japan, and Australia, ensuring security in the Indo-Pacific region (Ministry of Defence, India, 2022).

    Economic Engagement

    Economically, US-India bilateral trade reached a record $128 billion in 2023, highlighting the West’s growing engagement with India as a reliable trade partner (Office of the United States Trade Representative, 2023). Furthermore, initiatives to invest in India’s semiconductor and renewable energy sectors, such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA), aim to reduce dependency on Chinese technology and resources (International Solar Alliance, 2022).

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, the West’s efforts to foster India as a key alternative to China reflect a strategic pivot in global power dynamics, aiming for a more balanced multipolar world.

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