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Internal Security

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Home/Internal Security/Page 3

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Chandrapal Singh
  • 0
Chandrapal SinghBegginer
Asked: June 26, 2024In:
  • 0

Talk about how extremism affects the growth of Indian tribes. What actions have been made in response to this problem? (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: extremism
  1. Kuldeep Sharma
    Kuldeep Sharma Begginer

    Extremism, particularly by Naxalite groups, significantly hinders tribal development in India. These groups disrupt economic activities by attacking infrastructure and halting development projects, leading to poverty and unemployment in tribal areas. For instance, in states like Chhattisgarh and JhaRead more

    Extremism, particularly by Naxalite groups, significantly hinders tribal development in India. These groups disrupt economic activities by attacking infrastructure and halting development projects, leading to poverty and unemployment in tribal areas. For instance, in states like Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, frequent violence has prevented the construction of schools and healthcare centers, depriving tribes of essential services. The conflict has also caused widespread displacement, forcing many to abandon their ancestral lands and livelihoods.
    To address this, the Indian government has implemented several measures. Development initiatives like the Integrated Action Plan (IAP) aim to improve infrastructure and basic services in affected districts. Enhanced security measures include deploying additional forces and specialized counter-insurgency units. Efforts at dialogue with extremist groups, such as peace talks and surrender schemes, seek to address grievances and integrate insurgents into society. Legal reforms like the Forest Rights Act (2006) protect tribal land rights, while social programs focus on education and healthcare improvements, such as residential schools and mobile clinics. Community involvement in planning ensures that development aligns with tribal needs. Despite these efforts, sustained action is required to tackle the root causes of extremism and promote tribal development effectively.

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Rubi Gautam
  • 3
Rubi GautamBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In:
  • 3

From the standpoint of national security, developments in artificial intelligence (AI) will gradually increase both the potential and the threats. Talk about it in relation to India. (Answer in 250 words)

upsc: cyber security
  1. Simran
    Simran Begginer

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming various sectors globally, including national security. For a country like India, the opportunities and challenges presented by AI are multifaceted and significant. Here’s an in-depth discussion on how advances in AI can impact India’s national secRead more

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming various sectors globally, including national security. For a country like India, the opportunities and challenges presented by AI are multifaceted and significant. Here’s an in-depth discussion on how advances in AI can impact India’s national security landscape:

    Opportunities

    1. Enhanced Surveillance: AI-driven systems can analyze data from CCTV, drones, and satellites for real-time threat detection, aiding law enforcement and border security.
    2. Cybersecurity: AI can detect and counter cyber threats, securing sensitive data with advanced encryption techniques.
    3. Military Applications: Autonomous weapons, unmanned vehicles, and advanced simulations can enhance defense capabilities.
    4. Intelligence Analysis: AI can process large data volumes, identifying trends and predicting threats.
    5. Disaster Response: AI can predict disasters, optimize resource allocation, and assist in search and rescue operations.

    Challenges

    1. Ethical Concerns: Autonomous weapons and enhanced surveillance pose ethical and privacy issues.
    2. Cybersecurity Risks: AI can be exploited for sophisticated cyber-attacks and AI systems themselves can be vulnerable.
    3. Dependency: Over-reliance on AI may lead to problems if systems fail or make errors.
    4. Economic Divide: The high cost of AI development may widen the technological gap between nations.
    5. International Regulations: Lack of global norms for AI use in national security can lead to conflicts.

    Balancing these opportunities and challenges requires robust policies, ethical frameworks, and international cooperation.

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Jitendra Singh
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Jitendra SinghBegginer
Asked: June 26, 2024In:
  • 0

In India’s Northeast, there has been a noticeable decrease in insurgency-related violence and civilian casualties. But before a new era of peace can begin, there are still a number of issues that must be resolved. Talk about it. (Answer in ...

upsc: role of external state & non-state actors
  1. Sunita Soni
    Sunita Soni Begginer

    As per the Ministry of Home Affairs, there has been a 74% reduction in insurgency incidents an 89% decline in civilian deaths, and 60% in casualties of security forces in the Northeastern region in 2021 compared to 2014. From 2014 till July 15, 2022, a total of 6,070 cadres of various insurgent grouRead more

    As per the Ministry of Home Affairs, there has been a 74% reduction in insurgency incidents an 89% decline in civilian deaths, and 60% in casualties of security forces in the Northeastern region in 2021 compared to 2014. From 2014 till July 15, 2022, a total of 6,070 cadres of various insurgent groups in the northeastern states surrendered with 1,404 arms and joined the mainstream of society.

    Steps taken to promote peace in North East India:

    • Major peace accords: Such as the Bodo Accord (2020), and the Karbi Anglong Agreement (2021).
    • Bru-Reang Agreement (2020): To resolve the refugee crisis by settling the internally displaced people of western Mizoram in Tripura.
    • Assam-Meghalaya Inter-State Boundary Agreement, 2022: To settle the dispute over six areas out of a total of twelve areas of the interstate boundary dispute between the two states.
    • Power of mobility and connectivity: Itanagar, Agartala, and Imphal have been connected through Railways, and in the remaining five capitals connectivity projects are nearing completion. Over 38,000 km of rural roads have been completed. With 15 new airports, the region is a priority area under the UDAN scheme with 46 operational routes.

    Roadblocks in the era of peace to dawn in North East:

    • Ethnocentric disputes: Ethnic identity has been critical in sustaining armed movements in the region and even within individual states.
      • A major hurdle before the government while signing an accord is the demand over the same territory by two rebel groups. For example, the Kamtapur Liberation Organisation stepped up demand for Kamatapur state comprising some areas in the Bodoland region and in Bengal soon after the signing of the Bodo Accord in 2020.
    • Splinter groups: New militant groups get created from the same region or community after one enters a ceasefire pact, starts dialogue or signs an agreement with the government.
      • For example, the delay in signing the final Naga Peace agreement is due to the power struggle between the NSCN-IM and NNPG (the conglomerate organization that represent 6 smaller Naga political groups including GPRN/NSCN, NSCN (R), etc.).
    • Running a parallel government: Some groups under ceasefire have taken advantage of the agreements. For example, the NSCN (IM) had been permitted to establish camps in Nagaland and Manipur but it has used it to carry arms and almost run a parallel government.
    • Military rule in Myanmar: Recent reports also indicate that the Myanmar army is utilizing Indian insurgent groups to fight those who are in opposition to the junta regime. The government is trying to bring economic progress to all in North-East India by making efforts in the direction of creating the North-East as the hub of sports in the world, a leading exporter of exotic horticultural products, and a hotbed of start-ups while fast becoming the most attractive tourist destination in India.
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Mehak Mehara
  • 0
Mehak MeharaBegginer
Asked: June 26, 2024In:
  • 0

India’s growing drug trafficking is caused by more than just its close proximity to one of the world’s biggest drug producing networks. Talk about it. Emphasize the steps the administration has taking to address this escalating threat. (Answer in 250 ...

upsc: role of external state & non-state actors
  1. Neeru Kumari
    Neeru Kumari Begginer

    India is sandwiched between the two largest drug production networks of the world namely the Golden Triangle (Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar) and the Golden Crescent (Afghanistan-Pakistan- Iran), and this makes India vulnerable to drug trafficking. However, the factors responsible for the growing menacRead more

    India is sandwiched between the two largest drug production networks of the world namely the Golden Triangle (Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar) and the Golden Crescent (Afghanistan-Pakistan- Iran), and this makes India vulnerable to drug trafficking. However, the factors responsible for the growing menace of drug trafficking in the country go beyond its mere proximity to the largest drug production networks.

    These factors include the following:

    • Availability of maritime routes: With a long coastline and availability of numerous ports, India is sensitive to drug trafficking through maritime routes. For example, according to the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), drug trafficking through sea routes in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal is estimated to be around 70% of the total illegal drugs smuggled into India.
    • Increased demand for drugs: From traditional plant-based drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, and heroin to synthetic drugs such as tramadol, demand for narcotic substances in India has increased manifold in recent years.
    • Social factors: Various factors like the disintegration of the old joint family system, absence of parental love and care in modern families where both parents are working, a decline of old religious and moral values, etc. have led to a rise in the number of drug addicts and thus, drug trafficking.
    • The increased role of the Internet: Challenges such as emergence of illegal Internet pharmacies, the use of the dark net to place orders and make payments through trading platforms using cryptocurrencies, etc. have increased the procurement of drugs and made distribution easy.
    • Logistical issues: There are issues of manpower, infrastructure challenges, and budgetary constraints to intercepting drugs at points of India’s entry for the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), which is the lead agency in this regard.

    • Inadequate diplomatic leverage: India’s current diplomatic leverage and security cooperation are minimal both at the point of origin, i.e., Afghanistan, and the principal route, i.e., Pakistan, which makes it difficult to gather intelligence about smuggling.

    Various measures taken by the government to tackle drug trafficking in India include:

    • Institutional measures:
      • The Anti-Narcotics Task Force, a task force on the dark web, cryptocurrencies, etc. has been constituted to act quickly to curb drugs and the usage of the dark net in drug procurement. Amongst border guarding agencies, the Border Security Force (BSF), Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), and Coast Guard have been empowered to take action under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985.
    • Technological measures
    • A National Narcotics Coordination Portal (NCORD) has been created through which all agencies across the country will not only be able to get information but will also be able to exchange the best practices.
    • Administrative measures:
    • The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has formulated and is implementing a National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) for 2018-2025, which aims at the reduction of adverse consequences of drug abuse through a multi-pronged strategy involving education, de-addiction and rehabilitation of affected individuals and their families.
    • De-addiction campaigns are being run, there is strict surveillance and enforcement at import and export points of drugs, and training programs are being conducted for various law enforcement officials to combat the drug menace.
    • Global measures: The government of India has entered into a separate Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on narcotics with different countries for the timely exchange of intelligence information to take place. For example, the MoU between India and Nepal on Drug Demand Reduction and Prevention of Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.

    Drugs have an adverse effect on the security of the individual, society, economy, and country, which is why it is necessary to uproot their use with firmness. No healthy, prosperous, capable, and safe nation can achieve its goals without adopting a zero-tolerance policy against drug trafficking.

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Chandrapal Singh
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Chandrapal SinghBegginer
Asked: June 26, 2024In:
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Describe the employment of shell firms in the process of money laundering. In this context, talk about the actions done to reduce the use of shell businesses. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: money-laundering
  1. Neeru Kumari
    Neeru Kumari Begginer

    A shell company is a company/corporation without active business operations or significant assets. These types of corporations are not necessarily illegal. However, the term shell company is mostly used for illegal shell companies, the purpose of which is to divert money for tax evasion, money laundRead more

    A shell company is a company/corporation without active business operations or significant assets. These types of corporations are not necessarily illegal. However, the term shell company is mostly used for illegal shell companies, the purpose of which is to divert money for tax evasion, money laundering or to disguise business ownership from law enforcement or the public.

    Shell companies are used to launder money in the following ways:

    • In order to launder money, shell businesses typically claim monetary transactions on behalf of their clients. Then, money launderers deposit cash into the business, which is then transferred to the criminal’s account by means of fabricated invoices. Such a transaction creates the appearance of propriety and clean money. Sometimes they use additional layers of shell companies thus making it difficult to verify the identity of shell companies for anti-money laundering purposes. Having multiple transactions lowers the possibility of tracking down the original recipient and increases anonymity.
    • Shell companies use tactics like layers of corporate structures to conceal the trail of unlawful gains and make it more challenging for regulators, using different financial zones to increase the the complexity of tracing corrupt money and hiding ultimate beneficial ownership to dodge sanctions and anti-money laundering checks.

    Despite no legal definition for shell companies under the Companies Act 2013 and the absence of a specific law to deal with shell companies, the government has taken various steps recently to curb the activities of shell companies:

    • A task force on shell companies under the Joint Chairmanship of Revenue Secretary and Secretary, Ministry of Corporate Affairs was constituted in 2017 to effectively tackle the malpractices by shell companies in a comprehensive manner.
    • The Ministry of Corporate Affairs and CBDT have signed a MoU for automatic and regular exchange of tax information. The purpose of the MoU is to curb the menace of shell companies, money laundering, and black money and prevent misuse of corporate structure by shell companies for various illegal purposes.
    • The Government has initiated action against more than two lakh shell companies as part of Operation Clean Money. Also, the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (under MCA) is creating a database of shell companies.
    • The Government introduced the Finance Act 2015, according to which a company would be treated as a resident in India if its Place of Effective Management in the previous year was in India.
    • SEBI has been actively asking exchanges to verify the credentials and fundamentals of suspect companies by appointing an independent auditor. If exchanges do not find appropriate fundamentals about the existence of the company, the stock can be delisted.

    Additionally, the government can consider enacting a law that is specifically related to shell companies, which can provide a clear definition of shell companies based on parameters such as revenues, assets, employee strength, and filing returns.

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Muskan
  • 2
MuskanBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In:
  • 2

How unconventional theatres of warfare pose contemporary challenges to internal security? Discuss with reference to grey zone warfare.

  1. Rajesh Subramaniam
    Rajesh Subramaniam Begginer

    Unconventional theatres of warfare, including grey zone warfare, pose significant challenges to internal security in several ways: 1. **Blurred Lines**: Grey zone warfare blurs the lines between peace and war, making it difficult to determine whether an attack is a kinetic operation or a non-kineticRead more

    Unconventional theatres of warfare, including grey zone warfare, pose significant challenges to internal security in several ways:

    1. **Blurred Lines**: Grey zone warfare blurs the lines between peace and war, making it difficult to determine whether an attack is a kinetic operation or a non-kinetic one. This ambiguity can lead to confusion and slow responses.
    2. **Subtle and Insidious**: Grey zone operations often involve subtle and insidious tactics, such as disinformation, propaganda, and subversion, which can erode trust in institutions and sow discord within society.
    3. **Lack of Clear Enemy**: In grey zone warfare, the enemy is often not a traditional military force but rather a network of individuals or groups with varying levels of organization. This makes it challenging to identify and target the enemy.
    4. **Asymmetric Nature**: Grey zone operations often employ asymmetric tactics, such as cyber attacks, economic sabotage, and political subversion, which can be difficult to counter with traditional military means.
    5. **Denial of Dominance**: Grey zone warfare aims to deny an opponent dominance in a particular domain, such as cyberspace or the information space. This can lead to disruptions in critical infrastructure and services.
    6. **Internal Divisions**: Grey zone operations often exploit internal divisions and weaknesses within a country, creating divisions and factions that can be exploited by external actors.

    To address these challenges, countries must develop strategies that incorporate elements of:

    1. **Hybrid Warfare Doctrine**: Incorporate hybrid warfare doctrine into military and security planning to account for the blurred lines between peace and war.
    2. **Cyber Resilience**: Develop robust cyber defenses to counter gray zone operations in the digital domain.
    3. **Information Operations**: Develop capabilities to counter disinformation and propaganda efforts.
    4. **Countering Subversion**: Develop strategies to counter subversion and undermine the effectiveness of gray zone operations.
    5. **Interagency Coordination**: Foster close coordination between law enforcement, intelligence agencies, and military organizations to address gray zone threats.
    6. **Long-Term Strategy**: Develop a long-term strategy that acknowledges the sustained nature of gray zone warfare and allocates resources accordingly.

    Grey zone warfare poses significant challenges to internal security due to its unconventional nature, lack of clear enemy identification, and reliance on asymmetric tactics. To address these challenges, countries must develop strategies that incorporate hybrid warfare doctrine, cyber resilience, information operations, countering subversion, interagency coordination, and long-term planning.

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Amruta Gore
  • 2
Amruta GoreBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In: , ,
  • 2

aiai questionanswerartificial intelligenceethical questionintelligencequestion
  1. Zainab Irfan
    Zainab Irfan Begginer

    I. Respect Human Dignity - Protect human rights and privacy in AI development. - Ensure AI systems prioritize human well-being and safety.   II. Transparency Matters - Openly share information about AI systems and data usage. - Give people insight into how AI decisions are made.   III. AccRead more

    I. Respect Human Dignity

    – Protect human rights and privacy in AI development.

    – Ensure AI systems prioritize human well-being and safety.

     

    II. Transparency Matters

    – Openly share information about AI systems and data usage.

    – Give people insight into how AI decisions are made.

     

    III. Accountability is Key

    – Hold individuals and organizations responsible for AI actions.

    – Ensure accountability for AI systems’ performance and impact.

     

    IV. Safety First

    – Develop secure and reliable AI systems.

    – Prioritize safety in AI design and development.

     

    V. Protect the Planet

    – Consider AI’s environmental impact and promote sustainability.

    – Encourage eco-friendly AI development.

     

    VI. Global Cooperation

    – Collaborate internationally to share knowledge and best practices.

    – Work together to address AI challenges.

     

    VII. Ethical AI

    – Develop AI that aligns with human values and ethical principles.

    – Ensure AI systems are designed with ethical considerations.

     

    VIII. Responsible Data Management

    – Establish guidelines for responsible data collection and usage.

    – Prioritize data privacy and security.

     

    IX. Human Oversight

    – Set boundaries for AI autonomy and decision-making.

    – Ensure human control and oversight over AI systems.

     

    X. Continuous Improvement

    – Regularly review and update agreements to address emerging AI challenges.

    – Encourage ongoing evaluation and improvement of AI systems.

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Khushi Singh
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Khushi SinghBegginer
Asked: July 13, 2024In: , , , , , , ,
  • 0

How can multi-factor authentication (MFA) improve the security posture of organizations against cyber threats?

authenticationcyber threatscybersecuritymulti-factor authenticationquestionssecuritytwo-factor authentication
  1. Abdul Azeem Shaikh
    Abdul Azeem Shaikh Begginer

    A Managed Security Service Provider (MFA) greatly enhances organizational cybersecurity by providing expert help, constant monitoring, and advanced threat detection. MFA conducts regular checks and security reviews to find and fix potential issues before they can be exploited. With 24/7 surveillanceRead more

    A Managed Security Service Provider (MFA) greatly enhances organizational cybersecurity by providing expert help, constant monitoring, and advanced threat detection. MFA conducts regular checks and security reviews to find and fix potential issues before they can be exploited. With 24/7 surveillance and quick response capabilities, MFA ensures fast detection and immediate action against cyber threats, reducing possible damage and downtime.

     

    Using advanced technologies like AI and machine learning, MFA improves threat detection and response strategies, keeping organizations ahead of emerging cyber risks. By handing over the challenging task of cybersecurity to MFA, organizations can focus on their main business activities while maintaining strong security. MFA also helps organizations meet industry regulations and standards, offering the necessary documentation and support for audits.

     

    Furthermore, MFA’s tailored security solutions are designed to meet the specific needs of each organization, ensuring full protection across all digital assets. This partnership not only strengthens an organization’s cybersecurity but also promotes a culture of security awareness and resilience among employees, creating a safer work environment.

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Khushi Singh
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Khushi SinghBegginer
Asked: July 13, 2024In: , , , , , ,
  • 0

How can organizations effectively implement cybersecurity awareness training to empower employees as the first line of defense against cyber threats?

awarenesscyber threatscybersecuritymalwarephishingquestiontraining
  1. Atul
    Atul Begginer

    To effectively implement cybersecurity awareness training, organizations should adopt a multifaceted approach that engages and educates employees comprehensively. Customized Training Programs: Tailor training to address specific roles and departments within the organization, ensuring relevance and pRead more

    To effectively implement cybersecurity awareness training, organizations should adopt a multifaceted approach that engages and educates employees comprehensively.

    1. Customized Training Programs: Tailor training to address specific roles and departments within the organization, ensuring relevance and practical application. For example, finance teams should understand phishing schemes targeting financial data.
    2. Interactive Learning: Utilize interactive methods such as simulations, workshops, and hands-on exercises to make training engaging and memorable. Phishing simulations can teach employees how to recognize and report suspicious emails.
    3. Regular Updates and Reinforcement: Cyber threats evolve rapidly, so regular training updates and ongoing reinforcement are essential. Incorporate monthly briefings or newsletters to keep cybersecurity top of mind.
    4. Executive Support and Culture: Leadership should champion cybersecurity initiatives to embed a security-conscious culture. Visible support from executives emphasizes the importance of cybersecurity and encourages employee participation.
    5. Incentives and Recognition: Recognize and reward employees who exhibit exemplary cybersecurity practices. Positive reinforcement through incentives can motivate adherence to best practices.
    6. Clear Policies and Reporting Mechanisms: Ensure employees understand company policies and know how to report incidents. Clear, accessible documentation and a straightforward reporting process are crucial.

    By implementing these strategies, organizations can empower their employees to act as the first line of defense, significantly reducing the risk of cyber threats.

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