Role of Women & Women’s Organization

Model Answer

Introduction

Patriarchy, as an institutional structure characterized by male dominance, significantly influences the lives of middle-class working women in India. This system manifests in various aspects of life, including moral authority, social privilege, and decision-making. The middle class, which aspires for economic growth while adhering to traditional values, experiences the effects of patriarchy acutely.

Body

Dual Burden

Middle-class working women often face the challenge of balancing traditional household responsibilities with their professional roles. This dual burden can lead to stress and burnout, as they are expected to excel in both domains.

Marriage as a Career Stopping Point

Marriage is often viewed as a fundamental milestone for women, but it frequently acts as a career stopper. Many women are pressured to quit their jobs upon marriage, limiting their professional growth and independence.

Child-Rearing Responsibilities

Childbirth and child-rearing are traditionally seen as women’s responsibilities. This societal expectation makes it difficult for women to maintain full-time employment, as they are often expected to prioritize family over career.

Wage Disparity

Despite performing the same roles as their male counterparts, women often earn less. The wage gap persists due to biases against hiring women, particularly in light of maternity leave provisions, which some employers view as a liability.

Limited Decision-Making Power

Even when women contribute financially, their opinions are often undervalued in family decision-making processes. This lack of recognition can lead to diminished self-confidence and productivity, as their capabilities are not acknowledged.

Glass Ceiling Effect

Women frequently encounter a “glass ceiling,” where they are overlooked for promotions and leadership roles due to patriarchal beliefs that deem them unsuitable for higher positions.

Safety Concerns

Middle-class working women often rely on public transport, exposing them to safety risks, including harassment. The lack of security measures in a patriarchal society further exacerbates these concerns, limiting women’s mobility and potential.

Feminization of Labor

Certain jobs, often labeled as “pink-collar,” are deemed appropriate for women, such as teaching and nursing. This societal norm restricts women from pursuing careers in fields considered taboo, thereby limiting their professional opportunities.

Conclusion

The position of middle-class working women in India is heavily influenced by patriarchal structures that impose traditional roles and expectations. While their financial contributions are acknowledged, the act of working is often frowned upon. To achieve gender equality, it is essential to dismantle these patriarchal norms and create equitable opportunities for women.