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Effects of Globalization on Indian society

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Home/Indian Society/Effects of Globalization on Indian society

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Gopal Sharma
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Gopal SharmaBegginer
Asked: June 26, 2024In:
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Despite claims that globalization is to blame for abuses of human rights, human rights movements are able to combat its excesses and detrimental impacts. Add details and pertinent instances. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: effects of globalization on indian society
  1. Anil Bhargav
    Anil Bhargav Begginer

    Globalisation is a process of interaction and integration among the people, communities, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. Globalisation has proved to be a double edged sword. It has been allegedly responRead more

    Globalisation is a process of interaction and integration among the people, communities, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.

    • Globalisation has proved to be a double edged sword. It has been allegedly responsible for human rights violations as follows: Globalisation has led to relocation of industries to areas where it not only leads to environmental degradation but also directly impacts the rights of forest dwellers, indigenous people dependent on natural resources as was argued in the case of establishment of POSCO plant, a South Korean steel major in Odisha.
    • Trans-National Companies (TNCS) are increasingly becoming more powerful and influential and often use their influence to encourage governments to adopt policies of liberalization, deregulation and privatization that ignore human rights as well as rights of workers. For instance, in the 1990s, Nike sportswear was plagued with damning reports that its global supply chain was being supported by child labour in places like Cambodia and Pakistan.
    • Increased use of technology raised issues related to the right to privacy. Similarly technologies, such as digitalization, biotechnology and human cloning, etc. have serious implications for the realization of various human rights.
    • Globalisation has led to a culture of consumerism where corporations strive hard and compete fiercely to increase their profits and capture more market share. For example, the use of famous personalities or women in sexually explicit advertisements. It dictates life’s priorities not on the basis of rational and free decision making but on corporate interests, which poses a serious challenge to the realization of human rights.
    • The Copenhagen Declaration itself recognizes that the rapid processes of change and adjustment due to globalisation have been accompanied by intensified poverty, unemployment and social disintegration.

    However, the same globalisation has also promoted human rights movements that counter its own excesses as explained below:

    • Globalisation has led to the development of legislations such as the International Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) under Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which ensure protection of human rights.
    • International bodies such as the IMF and World Bank provide loans and policy advice to the developing nations to eradicate poverty and the WTO agreements try to balance the norms and standards of human rights along with the economic aspects of the liberalization of trade.
    • Globalisation has contributed to the development of corporate social responsibility and the concern for the accountability of non-state actors, such as transnational corporations for their activities, particularly when impacting negatively on the environment, on communities, and so on.
    • Consumer boycotts and campaigns have also led TNCs to be more attentive to social responsibility and to their reputation risk.
    • It has also helped in opening up the avenues, and acceptance of rights of women, as well as those belonging to depressed class/caste/race, etc.

    There is a need to rethink about the manner in which globalisation spreads. The world should strive towards ethical globalisation.

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Arjun Sharma
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Arjun SharmaBegginer
Asked: July 6, 2024In:
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Examine how globalization has affected regional customs and identities.

upsc: effects of globalization on indian society
  1. 07_Vamika
    07_Vamika Begginer

    Globalization has profound implications for local traditions and identities, manifesting in both positive and negative ways. Positive Implications: Cultural Exchange: Globalization facilitates cultural exchange, allowing local traditions to reach broader audiences. This can lead to greater appreciatRead more

    Globalization has profound implications for local traditions and identities, manifesting in both positive and negative ways.

    Positive Implications:

    1. Cultural Exchange: Globalization facilitates cultural exchange, allowing local traditions to reach broader audiences. This can lead to greater appreciation and preservation of unique cultural practices as they gain global recognition.
    2. Economic Opportunities: Increased connectivity can boost local economies through tourism and the export of traditional crafts and foods, providing financial support for the preservation of cultural heritage.

    Negative Implications:

    1. Cultural Homogenization: The dominance of global media and consumer culture can overshadow local traditions. The pervasive influence of global brands and entertainment may erode unique cultural practices and languages, leading to cultural homogenization.
    2. Loss of Identity: As local cultures adapt to global standards, traditional customs and identities can be diluted or lost. The pressure to conform to global trends can undermine local values and social structures.

    Overall, while globalization offers opportunities for cultural exchange and economic development, it also poses risks to the preservation of local traditions and identities. Balancing global influences with the protection of cultural heritage is crucial for maintaining a diverse and vibrant cultural landscape.

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Rupali Sharma
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Rupali SharmaBegginer
Asked: June 27, 2024In:
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Talk about the different obstacles to providing quality mental healthcare in light of the variety of variables influencing mental health in a globalized society. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: effects of globalization on indian society
  1. Chandrapal Singh
    Chandrapal Singh Begginer

    The World Health Organization (WHO) defines mental health as a state of well-being that enables people to cope with the normal stresses of life, realise their capabilities, work productively, and contribute to their community. In an inter-connected world, the following factors affect the mental wellRead more

    The World Health Organization (WHO) defines mental health as a state of well-being that enables people to cope with the normal stresses of life, realise their capabilities, work productively, and contribute to their community.

    In an inter-connected world, the following factors affect the mental well-being of a person:

    • Migration: Migrants have to delink their physical and emotional ties, and deal with a situation of anonymity, loneliness, socio-cultural changes, racism, etc.,
    • Economic factors: Low socio-economic status is associated with a high level of psychiatric morbidity. Also, materialistic success is being valued more leading to cut-throat competitions at academic and professional levels, which adds to mental stress.
    • New patterns of relationships: The safety net of a joint family has weakened over time, adding to the stress of married couples and straining their relationship. The amount of interaction among family members has also decreased, and people are finding it tough to establish close inter- personal relationships outside their nuclear family.
    • Rise in use of social media: More young adults and teenagers are getting addicted to the virtual world, and at the same time, the culture of comparison and affirmation by others is on rise, impacting sleep cycle, behaviour and mental health.

    Though India launched a National Mental Health Program in 1982 itself, as per the National Mental Health Survey, 2016, close to 14% of India’s population requires active mental health interventions and about 2% suffers from severe mental disorders.

    The various challenges in achieving sound mental healthcare include:

    • Stigma: Because of the associated stigma, mental health patients do not seek any medical help. This has a deep and isolating psychological impact.
    • Costly and long treatment: Sometimes treatment including counselling for mental health patients can take over a year. Also, these sessions are prohibitively costly, forcing patients to withdraw.
    • Shortage of doctors: India has around 9,000 psychiatrists i.e. only 0.75 psychiatrists for one lakh people, while the requirement is three psychiatrists per lakh. Further, estimates from the WHO in 2017 show that India has only 0.15 psychologists per lakh.
    • Inadequate training of doctors: There is a range of mental illnesses that need to be identified and treated, however, the training of doctors is currently not commensurate with the demand of the job.
    • Resources at the Primary Health Centres (PHCS): The supply of medication at the PHCs are irregular and inadequate, given the wide range of mental health illnesses.
    • Rehabilitation facilities: Rehabilitation facilities are either missing or inadequate in India, especially in rural areas.
    • Lack of coordination: Given that mental health involves both medical treatment and social welfare, there is an overlap between the Ministries of Health and Social Justice, however, inter-sectoral coordination is missing.
    • Underutilisation of funds: Less than 40% of funds allocated to states from 2015 to 2020 under the District Mental Health Programme were utilised.
    • Regional disparity: Due to inadequate resources in rural and remote areas, many mental health professionals are reluctant to work in rural areas.

    In this context, the government has taken several steps passing of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, implementation of the National Mental Health Programme, Tele-Mental Health Assistance and Nationally Actionable Plan through states. In addition, careful mapping and research is required to produce quality data and understand the size of the problem. Policies must recognize the diverse mental health needs of the population and move away from a one-size-fits-all approach. Also, mental health services should be planned keeping the socio-economic, cultural and structural determinants of mental health issues in mind.

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Anil Bhargav
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Anil BhargavBegginer
Asked: June 29, 2024In:
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Describe how the dynamics of family size, structure, and relationships have been shaped by globalization in contemporary Indian culture. (Answer in 250 words)

upsc: effects of globalization on indian society
  1. Rupali Sharma
    Rupali Sharma Begginer

    Globalization is a transnational phenomenon which allows the free exchange and movement of ideas, technology, labour, capital and goods encouraging nations, businesses and individuals to become integrated into the global market. As individuals, families, communities, and societies increasingly becomRead more

    Globalization is a transnational phenomenon which allows the free exchange and movement of ideas, technology, labour, capital and goods encouraging nations, businesses and individuals to become integrated into the global market.
    As individuals, families, communities, and societies increasingly become integrated into new complex globalized systems, their values, traditions, and relationships change and it directly and indirectly affects family life in the following ways:

    • Size and structure: With globalization, the family size has shrunk into independent and smaller households with couples having one or two children away from the traditional bigger joint family system. The changes in the family structure have resulted in growing adoption of nuclear families.
      • Further, a modified extended family structure is emerging where individual nuclear families retain considerable autonomy while maintaining relations with other individuals and joint families.
    • Empowered status of women: The increased influx of women into the formal and informal labour force and their rising educational levels have had profound implications for family life.
      • While there is rising family incomes and decreased dependence on men, it has also accompanied conflicts with traditional values about the roles of women and men resulting in rising divorce rates, increased age of marriage, etc.
    • Changing demographics: Lower fertility rates correlated with the rising age of marriage in much of the industrialized and developing world including India threatens the rise of ageing population and redistribution of demographic composition of the country in near future.
    • Growing individualism: The younger generation is investing in the primacy of their individual interests and freedom with respect to family interest, which is leading to individualism increasing even within the family structure.
    • Changing definitions of Marriage: Marriage is changing in nature and there is emergence of new forms of relations, which are replacing traditional marriages. For instance, live-in relationships, same sex marriages etc.
    • Weakening bonds: The fast-paced life, increased mobility and increased aspirations of young working couples has rendered physical distance and attention lag in their nurturing of children resulting in loose family bonding, deprived emotional connection between them and their children and elderly.
      • Most of the socializing functions like child raising, care for elderly, and education have been outsourced to agencies, crèches, training centres which were once done exclusively by the family.

    While globalization has had positive and negative implications on family life, decisions about employment, migration, marriage, gender roles, and caretaking are still subject to family life and local culture.

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Mona Singh
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Mona SinghBegginer
Asked: June 27, 2024In:
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The link between religion and globalization has always been complicated, with new opportunities and difficulties arising from their interactions. Talk about it. (Answer in 250 words) 

upsc: effects of globalization on indian society
  1. Gopal Sharma
    Gopal Sharma Begginer

    Globalisation is a process of interconnectedness, interdependence and integration of economics and societies. It allows for religions, which were previously isolated from one another to have regular and unavoidable contact now. The interaction between globalisation and religion has brought new possiRead more

    Globalisation is a process of interconnectedness, interdependence and integration of economics and societies. It allows for religions, which were previously isolated from one another to have regular and unavoidable contact now. The interaction between globalisation and religion has brought new possibilities as given below:

    • Religious tolerance: Globalisation brings a culture of pluralism, meaning religions with overlapping but distinctive ethics and interests interact with one another, thus leading to greater religious tolerance.
    • Spreading religious ideas: Globalisation plays a tremendous role in providing a context for the current considerable revival and the resurgence of religion. Religions have spread and scattered on a global scale and are not relegated to the few countries where they began. Also, technology has intensified globalisation and religion has tremendously benefited from technological advancements.
    • Active participation in international affairs: Religious communities such as the Roman Catholic Church, the World Council of Churches, etc. take part in international affairs. For ex. ISKCON, Khalsa aid members conducted a massive food relief effort in Hungary to provide fresh food and water for the students coming home from Ukraine.
    • Spread of humanitarian values: Globalisation has helped to share many of the basic commitments as given by religious traditions, mainly peace, human dignity, and human equality, etc. through international organisations. For e.g., global political forums such as the United Nations (UN) etc. promote peace, conflict resolution through negotiation, mediation, and diplomacy.

    In this way, globalization opens a new door for religion that enhances cooperation, tolerance and brings new opportunities and possibilities. But, on the other hand, this interaction between the globalisation and religion has emerging challenges as well which are given below:

    • In this globalised world, consumerism, material prosperity and achievement has become the aim of life while inner peace is ignored, thus undermining religious ideas and perspectives.
    • Since globalization brings world cultures, identities, and religions in direct contact with each other and makes everything hybrid, the competition and conflicts of religions constitutes a major challenge leading to social tensions.
    • Also, globalization’s strict rationalism manifested in ideas like liberalism and secularism can be incompatible with the norms and the values of some religions.

    Religion and globalisation share a strange and paradoxical, yet mutually reinforcing relationship. While some scholars may have dismissed religion as a primitive manifestation of superstition, thinking that the forces of globalization would lead to religion’s demise, but the effects of cultural exchange due to globalisation has led to proliferation of religion. Thus, it is necessary to minimise the challenges of religion and globalisation and bring the culture of peace and harmony.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 28, 2024In:
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Globalization: What is it? Talk about how it has affected India’s societal structure. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2018]

uppsc: effects of globalization on indian society
  1. Yara Vohra
    Yara Vohra Enthusiast

    What is Globalization? Introduction: Globalization refers to the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through the exchange of goods, services, ideas, technology, and cultural practices. This phenomenon has led to the integration of national economies and culturRead more

    What is Globalization?

    Introduction: Globalization refers to the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through the exchange of goods, services, ideas, technology, and cultural practices. This phenomenon has led to the integration of national economies and cultures into a global network.

    Impact on the Social Structure of India:

    1. Economic Opportunities and Inequality: Globalization has expanded economic opportunities in India by attracting foreign investments and creating new job sectors. For instance, the growth of the IT and service sectors in cities like Bengaluru and Hyderabad has generated employment and contributed to economic growth. However, it has also exacerbated economic inequality, as the benefits are often unevenly distributed. The rise in income disparity between urban and rural areas and among different social classes has been a significant challenge.

    2. Cultural Exchange and Identity: Globalization has facilitated cultural exchange, introducing Indian society to diverse global influences through media, entertainment, and cuisine. For example, the popularity of global fast-food chains and Hollywood films in India reflects this cultural integration. At the same time, it has led to cultural homogenization, where traditional practices and local cultures may be overshadowed by global trends.

    3. Social Mobility and Urbanization: The urbanization trend accelerated by globalization has led to increased social mobility, with individuals moving to cities for better opportunities. For example, the migration of rural populations to urban centers like Mumbai and Delhi has transformed the social landscape, creating a more dynamic and diverse urban culture. However, this has also led to increased pressure on urban infrastructure and services.

    4. Education and Skill Development: Globalization has improved access to education and skill development, with international educational institutions and online platforms offering new learning opportunities. Initiatives such as the National Skill Development Corporation aim to enhance employability and bridge the skill gap in the workforce. Despite these advancements, disparities in educational access remain prevalent.

    Conclusion: Globalization has profoundly impacted the social structure of India by creating economic opportunities, facilitating cultural exchange, and driving urbanization. However, it has also brought challenges such as increased inequality, cultural homogenization, and pressure on urban infrastructure. Balancing these effects is crucial for sustainable and inclusive development.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 24, 2024In:
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Liberalization: What Is It? What impact is it having on the social structure of India? (200 Words) [UPPSC 2020]

uppsc: effects of globalization on indian society
  1. Manav Srivastava
    Manav Srivastava Begginer

    Liberalization and Its Impact on the Indian Social Structure Definition of Liberalization Liberalization refers to the process of reducing government restrictions, regulations, and barriers to allow for greater economic freedom and market access. It typically involves the deregulation of industries,Read more

    Liberalization and Its Impact on the Indian Social Structure

    Definition of Liberalization

    Liberalization refers to the process of reducing government restrictions, regulations, and barriers to allow for greater economic freedom and market access. It typically involves the deregulation of industries, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and the opening up of markets to global competition.

    Impact on Indian Social Structure

    1. Economic Growth and Class Mobility: Liberalization, initiated in India in 1991, has led to significant economic growth, with an expansion of the middle class and improved living standards for many. The growth of industries and services has created new job opportunities and facilitated upward social mobility for previously marginalized groups.
    2. Inequality and Disparities: While liberalization has spurred economic development, it has also exacerbated economic inequalities. The wealth generated has not been evenly distributed, leading to a widening gap between the affluent and the poor. Urban areas have benefited more compared to rural regions, intensifying regional disparities and social stratification.
    3. Cultural and Social Changes: The influx of global culture and consumerism has led to significant changes in social norms and lifestyles. Urbanization and exposure to global media have influenced cultural practices, leading to shifts in traditional values and increased social interactions across different strata.
    4. Challenges and Criticisms: The social impact of liberalization includes concerns about social cohesion and cultural erosion. For instance, the rise in consumer culture has sometimes clashed with traditional practices, leading to debates on identity and heritage.

    Recent Examples

    • The growth of tech hubs like Bangalore and Hyderabad showcases how liberalization has led to economic and social transformations, creating a new class of tech-savvy professionals.
    • The farmers’ protests against the agricultural reforms in 2020-2021 highlight the tensions between economic policies and their impact on rural communities.

    In summary, while liberalization has brought about considerable economic advancements and social mobility in India, it has also amplified inequalities and reshaped social norms, reflecting both the benefits and challenges of a more open market economy.

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Harsh Singh
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Harsh SinghBegginer
Asked: August 22, 2024In: , , ,
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question
  1. Sonali Kumari
    Sonali Kumari Begginer

    Tapping into foreign direct investment (FDI) is essential for the growth and development of the Indian economy ¹. FDI brings in stable and long-term commitments, focusing on long-term growth, and helps relax domestic savings constraints ¹ ². It also introduces new technologies, management practices,Read more

    Tapping into foreign direct investment (FDI) is essential for the growth and development of the Indian economy ¹. FDI brings in stable and long-term commitments, focusing on long-term growth, and helps relax domestic savings constraints ¹ ². It also introduces new technologies, management practices, and innovations, boosting economic growth and competitiveness.

     

    The gap between MoUs signed and actual FDIs in India can be attributed to challenges in aligning expectations of foreign investors, inadequate infrastructure, complex regulatory frameworks, and difficulties in acquiring land ³.

     

    Remedial steps to increase actual FDIs in India include:

     

    – *Simplifying Regulatory Frameworks*: Streamlining approval processes and clarifying policies to reduce uncertainty.

    – *Improving Infrastructure*: Developing reliable and efficient infrastructure to support business operations.

    – *Investor Outreach*: Proactive engagement with potential investors to understand their needs and concerns.

    – *Land Acquisition Reforms*: Implementing efficient and transparent land acquisition processes.

    – *Competitive Incentives*: Offering competitive incentives and tax benefits to attract FDIs.

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