What are the two landmark judgements in India in the last ten years? Briefly explain about NOTA judgement in the year of 2013
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The Indian Constitution has several provisions related to education, which are enshrined in Articles 29 to 31 of the Constitution. Here are some key provisions: Article 29: Right of Minorities to Education Recognizes the right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of theRead more
The Indian Constitution has several provisions related to education, which are enshrined in Articles 29 to 31 of the Constitution. Here are some key provisions:
Article 29: Right of Minorities to Education
- Recognizes the right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
- Protects the right of minorities to manage their own educational institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities.
Article 30: Right of Anglo-Indian Community
- Grants the Anglo-Indian community the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
- Provides for the reservation of seats for Anglo-Indians in educational institutions.
Article 30A: Prohibition on Endowment and Restrictions on Educational Institutions
- Prohibits the endowment of any educational institution or the restriction on its reception or management by any class or community.
- Bars the government from interfering with the management or administration of any educational institution.
Article 31: Compulsory Education
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Makes education a fundamental right for children between the ages of 6 and 14 (later extended to 18 by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002).
- Mandates that the state provide free and compulsory education for all children in the age group.
Article 32: Fundamental Right to Education
- Recognizes education as a fundamental right under Article 21 (right to life and liberty) and Article 19 (right to freedom of speech and expression).
- Empowers the Supreme Court to issue directions or orders for the realization of this fundamental right.
Key directives and judgments
- The Supreme Court’s judgment in T.M.A. Pai Foundation vs. State of Karnataka (2003) emphasized the importance of reservation in private unaided educational institutions.
- The judgment in Imrana Qadri vs. Union of India (2014) upheld the constitutionality of the Right to Education Act, 2009.
- The Supreme Court has also issued several directions and orders to ensure access to education for marginalized communities, such as Dalits, Adivasis, and Muslims.
In the last ten years, two landmark judgments in India are: Aadhaar Judgment (2018): In the Puttaswamy judgment (2018), the Supreme Court of India ruled that the Right to Privacy is a fundamental right guaranteed under the Indian Constitution. The court also held that the Aadhaar scheme, a biometricRead more
In the last ten years, two landmark judgments in India are:
Now, about the NOTA Judgment in 2013:
NOTA Judgement (2013): In 2013, the Supreme Court of India ruled in the case of People’s Union for Civil Liberties vs. Union of India that a voter has the right to exercise a “None of the Above” (NOTA) option in an election. This option allows voters to choose NOTA if they are dissatisfied with all the candidates contesting an election. The court held that this option is essential for democratic governance and would help to ensure that voters are not forced to vote for a candidate they do not want.
The NOTA option was introduced by the Election Commission of India through an amendment to Rule 49(0) of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, in January 2013. The option is available to all electors, except those who are voting by postal ballot or proxy.
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