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Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, adopted in 1950 and establishing the framework of the Indian government. It outlines the powers and responsibilities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, and can be amended through a rigorous process.

The Constitution safeguards the fundamental rights of citizens and serves as the foundation for India’s vibrant democracy, federal structure, and decentralized governance system.

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Home/Indian Polity/Indian Constitution/Page 8

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

muthubharathi
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muthubharathiBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In:
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What is the significance of Article 370 and its implications on Jammu and Kashmir?

question
  1. Nitin Jha
    Nitin Jha Begginer

    Article 370 was a crucial provision that provided special autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir. Its abrogation has led to significant political, legal, and socio-economic changes in the region, with both positive and negative implications depending on different perspectives.

    Article 370 was a crucial provision that provided special autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir. Its abrogation has led to significant political, legal, and socio-economic changes in the region, with both positive and negative implications depending on different perspectives.

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Arpita Chaubey
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Arpita ChaubeyBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In:
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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) that will replace the colonial-era Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC), the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), and the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 ...

  1. Kuldeep Rajput
    Kuldeep Rajput Begginer

    The replacement of the IPC, CrPC, and IEA with the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) is a significant change for the Indian legal system. Proponents argue that the new laws will be more reflective of contemporary India andRead more

    The replacement of the IPC, CrPC, and IEA with the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) is a significant change for the Indian legal system. Proponents argue that the new laws will be more reflective of contemporary India and address shortcomings in the colonial-era legislation. Critics raise concerns about the potential for disruption and the need for careful implementation.
    Here’s a breakdown of the potential pros and cons:
    Potential benefits:
    * More relevant to modern India
    * Address shortcomings in the old laws
    * More inclusive and equitable
    Potential drawbacks:
    * Disruption to the legal system
    * Need for careful implementation
    * Unintended consequences
    Overall, the change is significant and has the potential to be positive, but it’s important to be aware of the challenges as well.

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Rutuja Ahire
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Rutuja AhireBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In: , , , ,
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  1. Khushi
    Khushi Begginer

    The Constitution of India and the Constitution of the United States share some similarities, but there are also significant differences. Here are some key differences: 1. Length: The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world, with 397 articles, while the US Constitution haRead more

    The Constitution of India and the Constitution of the United States share some similarities, but there are also significant differences. Here are some key differences:

    1. Length: The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world, with 397 articles, while the US Constitution has just 7 articles.

    2. Federalism: India is a federal union with a strong central government, while the US is a federation of states with greater autonomy.

    3. Bill of Rights: The US Constitution has a separate Bill of Rights (the first 10 amendments), while the Indian Constitution incorporates fundamental rights within the main text (Part III).

    4. Judicial Review: Both constitutions have judicial review powers, but the Indian Supreme Court has more extensive powers.

    5. Amendment Process: The US Constitution has a more rigid amendment process (requiring 2/3 majority in both Houses and ratification by 3/4 states), while the Indian Constitution allows for easier amendments (simple majority in both Houses).

    6. Directive Principles: India’s Constitution includes Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV), which are non-justiciable guidelines for governance, whereas the US Constitution does not have similar provisions.

    7. Emergency Provisions: India’s Constitution has more comprehensive emergency provisions (Article 352-360), while the US Constitution has limited provisions for national emergencies.

    8. Secularism: India is a secular country (Article 25-28), whereas the US has no explicit mention of secularism in its Constitution.

    9. Economic and Social Rights: India’s Constitution includes economic and social rights (Part IV), whereas the US Constitution primarily focuses on political and civil rights.

    10. Preamble: The Indian Constitution’s preamble emphasizes justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, while the US Constitution’s preamble emphasizes establishing a more perfect union and promoting general welfare.

    These differences reflect the unique historical, cultural, and political contexts of each country.

     

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Faeza Kazim
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Faeza KazimBegginer
Asked: July 18, 2024In: , , , , , , ,
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What measures can be taken in order to decrease crime rates in India?

safety crime government law india development constitution
  1. Rabab Murtaza
    Rabab Murtaza Begginer

    A variety of methods can be implemented to reduce crime rates in India. Improving police enforcement through training, resources, and community policing is critical. Legal changes should prioritize speeding trials and increasing access to legal aid. Addressing core causes of poverty, inequality, andRead more

    A variety of methods can be implemented to reduce crime rates in India. Improving police enforcement through training, resources, and community policing is critical. Legal changes should prioritize speeding trials and increasing access to legal aid. Addressing core causes of poverty, inequality, and unemployment through targeted social interventions and educational opportunities is critical. Public awareness efforts, as well as citizen participation, can help to reduce crime and improve safety. Legislative solutions should include tougher punishments and effective crime prevention laws. International collaboration for information sharing and capacity building can help combat transnational crime. Finally, long-term crime reduction measures require political commitment and accountability at all levels. Implementing these strategies extensively and efficiently can help to create a safer atmosphere and reduce crime in India.

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Ansh Yadav
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Ansh YadavBegginer
Asked: July 23, 2024In:
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Is Indian constitution a success ?

constitutionhuman developmentindiarights
  1. Kanishkap
    Kanishkap Begginer

    The Indian Constitution, adopted on January 26, 1950, has been instrumental in shaping India's democratic framework and governance over the decades. Here are key points highlighting its success: 1. **Democratic Governance**: The Constitution establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, andRead more

    The Indian Constitution, adopted on January 26, 1950, has been instrumental in shaping India’s democratic framework and governance over the decades. Here are key points highlighting its success:

    1. **Democratic Governance**: The Constitution establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, providing a robust framework for governance through elected representatives and periodic elections.

    2. **Fundamental Rights**: It guarantees fundamental rights to citizens, including equality before law, freedom of speech and expression, and protection against discrimination, laying the foundation for a just and equitable society.

    3. **Directive Principles of State Policy**: These principles guide state policy towards securing social and economic justice, including provisions for education, health, and welfare of marginalized sections, aiming for a welfare state.

    4. **Federal Structure**: The Constitution establishes a federal structure with clear delineation of powers between the central government and states, fostering unity while respecting regional diversity.

    5. **Amendment Mechanism**: It provides for amendments to adapt to changing socio-economic conditions and aspirations of the people, ensuring flexibility and relevance over time.

    Despite successes, challenges remain, such as ensuring effective implementation of laws, addressing socio-economic disparities, and tackling corruption. Overall, the Indian Constitution’s resilience in upholding democratic values and fostering socio-economic development reflects its foundational success in guiding India as a pluralistic and dynamic nation.

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Ashmit Thakur
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Ashmit ThakurBegginer
Asked: July 23, 2024In:
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  1. Aman kumar
    Aman kumar Begginer

    our constitution starts with "we the people of india" and highlights the basic structure of constitution with the words such as "Sovereignty, Secularism and Fraternity" in the preamble. SOVEREIGNTY We the people of India refers about Sovereignty of the people of India. Sovereignty means the people oRead more

    our constitution starts with “we the people of india” and highlights the basic structure of constitution with the words such as “Sovereignty, Secularism and Fraternity” in the preamble.

    SOVEREIGNTY

    We the people of India refers about Sovereignty of the people of India.

    • Sovereignty means the people of india is supreme and Govt. of India can exercise there power in entire territory of India, Sovereignty also means Government of India is not subordinate to any external agency whether it is Foreign Nation, United Nation etc.
    • We the people means constitution is for the people the people of india but people are not source of any power of government (Keshvanand Bharti case). logically means we the people of india are not entitle to make law or referendum for any act of Govt.

    Secularism

    Secular state is an extension of idea of equality and liberty, because liberty stand for freedom of choice including freedom of conscience and faith, Every citizen is free to choose his/her worship and constitution gives us freedom to profess, practice and propagate religion (Article 25)

    There is two model of secularism

    1. American model – Secular state is based complete detachment between state and religion, Therefore neither state is allowed in the activity of religion nor religion is allowed in the activity of state
    2. French model – Secular state separation is one sided where state is allowed to regulate activities of religion but not religion could.

    India is somewhere closer to French model of secularism because state is allowed to interfere in the religious activity but it also somewhere provide some autonomy to religion also. Indian model is based on the equal respect towards every religion, moreover (Article 29-30) gives special protection for the people belonging to minority community.

    Fraternity

    Equality and social justice are basic condition for the promotion of Fraternity among the people of india, it is an sprit of brotherhood among the citizens, Unity symbolises the physical and territorial unity but fraternity is a matter of psychological and emotional bond with the nation.

    • Armed forces are deployed for maintaining territorial unity but psychological unity/fraternity is essential for ensuring security of India.
    • Example – Recent violence in Manipur is greater challenge for the unity/integrity/fraternity of India.

    As we see the term Sovereignty, Secularism and Fraternity is the basic structure of our constitution and which cannot be amended by the act of parliament, as well as they are the basic feature of our constitution which allows inclusivity in our country.

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Yasaswini K
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Yasaswini KBegginer
Asked: July 23, 2024In: , , ,
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educationrural development
  1. Soumyadeep Dutta
    Soumyadeep Dutta Begginer

    The “Manga Carta” of the Indian Constitution, Part III the fundamental rights ensured many rights like the Right to education. State is mandated by Article 21(A) and the Right to Education Act, of 2009, to provide free and compulsory education to all children of age six to fourteen years. Current goRead more

    The “Manga Carta” of the Indian Constitution, Part III the fundamental rights ensured many rights like the Right to education.

    State is mandated by Article 21(A) and the Right to Education Act, of 2009, to provide free and compulsory education to all children of age six to fourteen years.

    Current government has also taken initiatives such as the National Education Policy (NEP), 2020, which tries to transform the education system.

    For effective implementation at the grassroots level, some innovative ways are:

    • Digital literacy- for students & teachers to connect India digitally from top to bottom.
    • Public-Private partnership.
    • ‘Skill India’ initiative, skills are promoted through our current government to ensure children’s & nation’s futures are secured.
    • At junior schools, sports programs like ‘Khelo India‘ have been introduced to transform the tag ‘extra-curriculum’ into a ‘co-curriculum’ activity. This program gives the platform to all sections of students including rural areas to express their talent.

    Moreover, ‘Mid-day meal’ Schemes, the ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’ program, and ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ Schemes all have an effect at the grassroots level.

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Mayur Wagh
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Mayur WaghBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In: , ,
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How does the parliament of India ensure the accountability of the executive?

question
  1. ChahT
    ChahT

    The Parliament of India ensures accountability of the executive through various mechanisms aimed at enhancing transparency and oversight. First of all, the executive is headed by the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers, who are responsible to the Lok Sabha, Parliament's Lower House. These shRead more

    The Parliament of India ensures accountability of the executive through various mechanisms aimed at enhancing transparency and oversight. First of all, the executive is headed by the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers, who are responsible to the Lok Sabha, Parliament’s Lower House. These shall, in turn, be enforced through a number of parliamentary procedures and practices. They can question ministers during the Question Hour, seek clarifications, and hold debates on various burning issues. It has also developed methods through its several committees, like the Public Accounts Committee and the Estimates Committee, whereby the Parliament dissects executive actions, in particular their expenditure and policy, and criticizes them when required. The Parliament can pass or may reject legislation introduced by the executive; thus, this will ensure that policies reflect legislative intent. No-confidence motion against the government can only be brought in to the Lok Sabha, and upon the passage, it can force the Prime Minister and the entire Council of Ministers to resign. In aggregate, all these processes ensure that the executive remains answerable to the elected representatives and, by extension, to the people of India.

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anjali rawat
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anjali rawatBegginer
Asked: August 10, 2024In: , , ,
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Why India cannot be a unitary state despite the fact that the constitution has made center more strong then the states?

federal stateindian constitutionunitary state
  1. sahrish khan
    sahrish khan Begginer

    India cannot be a unitary state because the constitution gives more power to center than the states,more power is given to central government.Here's an explanation for more clarity- 1-India is a diverse country and home of vast cultures,languages,ethnic groups and religions,if all the power will beRead more

    India cannot be a unitary state because the constitution gives more power to center than the states,more power is given to central government.Here’s an explanation for more clarity-

    1-India is a diverse country and home of vast cultures,languages,ethnic groups and religions,if all the power will be centralised it would be difficult for a government to manage and respect the diversity,hence the federal structure gives different states the authority to manage things according to their local needs.

    2-In British era,India was controlled by a centralised authority,which caused a lot of dissatisfaction and the framers of the constitution were aware about this situation hence they designed our constitution accordingly.

    3-The federal structure of our constitution divides the power between central and state.India has bicameral legislature which represents the states at the federal level.

    4-The center has more powers but supreme court often rules in favour of states rights whenever there is conflict which maintains power between center and state.

    5-India is large and diverse country it cannot be government effectively by centralised authority and centralised government would be overburdened and disconnected from local realities ,local administration are better at handling local issues which helps in smooth functioning.

    In simpler terms,India should remain a federal country because it is too diverse and has complex historical context and need for local governance.The balance between federalism and centralisation ensures effective functioning of a nation while respecting regional identities and maintaining unity.

     

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 13, 2024In:
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Why is the Indian Constitution’s philosophy described in the Preamble?(125 Words) [UPPSC 2023]

uppsc: indian constitution
  1. Keshav Bajaj
    Keshav Bajaj Begginer

    Preamble as the Philosophy of the Indian Constitution **1. Core Values: The Preamble encapsulates the fundamental values and principles underlying the Indian Constitution. It reflects the aspirations of the people and establishes the framework of governance. Key principles such as sovereignty, sociaRead more

    Preamble as the Philosophy of the Indian Constitution

    **1. Core Values: The Preamble encapsulates the fundamental values and principles underlying the Indian Constitution. It reflects the aspirations of the people and establishes the framework of governance. Key principles such as sovereignty, socialism, secularism, democracy, and republicanism are enshrined, guiding the Constitution’s interpretation and application.

    **2. Guiding Philosophy: The Preamble sets the philosophical and ethical tone of the Constitution. It outlines the objectives of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, serving as a source of inspiration and a moral compass for the legal and political framework.

    **3. Constitutional Vision: It defines the vision of the Constitution by articulating the end goals of the Indian polity. The principles in the Preamble provide a context for the legislative and judicial functions, ensuring that all actions align with the Constitution’s core values.

    Conclusion: The Preamble is termed the philosophy of the Indian Constitution because it embodies the principles and objectives that drive the constitutional framework, reflecting the underlying ethical and ideological foundations of the nation.

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